Cellulose-precipitated calcium carbonate composites and their effect on paper properties
-
Kamel Mohamadzadeh-Saghavaz
,
Hossein Resalati
Abstract
A cellulose-PCC composite was synthesised using the CaCl2 reaction with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) under alkaline conditions and in the presence of cellulose fibrils made from highly refined bleached softwood kraft pulp. The results showed that the ash content in the synthesised cellulose-PCC composite increased by increasing the reaction temperature from 25°C to 70°C, the reaction time from 3.5 min to 7.5 min and the cellulose consistency from 0.05 % to 0.1 %. The ratio of calcium carbonate generated to the calcium chloride used initially was increased by increasing the reaction temperature and time. The XRD pattern of the cellulose-PCC composite indicated no modification micro-crystal habit of the deposited CaCO3. The SEM images showed that the cellulose-PCC composite filler had a rhombohedral shape as opposed to the scalenohedral shape of common PCC. The paper filled with the cellulose-PCC composite had much higher bursting and tensile strengths, at a tearing strength similar to common PCC.
[1] Chen, X. Y., Qian, X. R., & An, X. H. (2011). Using calcium carbonate whiskers as papermaking filler. BioResources, 6, 2435–2441. Search in Google Scholar
[2] Ciobanu, M., Bobu, E., & Ciolacu, F. (2010). In-situ cellulose fibres loading with calcium carbonate precipitated by different methods. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 44, 379–387. Search in Google Scholar
[3] Dai, Z. G., Ni, Y. H., Court, G., & Li, Z. Q. (2011). Mitigating pitch-related deposits at a thermomechanical pulp-based specialty paper mill. Tappi Journal, 10(3), 51–56. 10.32964/TJ10.3.51Search in Google Scholar
[4] Deng, Y. L., Ragauskas, A. J., White, D., & Yoon, S. (2008). US Patent No. 20080087396. Washington, DC, USA: US Patent Office. Search in Google Scholar
[5] Dousi, E., Kallitsis, J., Chrissanthopoulos, A., Mangood, A. H., & Dalas, E. (2003). Calcite overgrowth on carboxylated polymers. Journal of Crystal Growth, 253, 469–503. DOI:10.1016/s0022-0248(03)01091-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01091-110.1016/S0022-0248(03)01091-1Search in Google Scholar
[6] Faatz, M., Gröhn, F., & Wegner, G. (2004). Amorphous calcium carbonate: Synthesis and potential intermediate in biomineralization. Advanced Materials, 16, 996–1000. DOI:10.1002/adma.200306565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.20030656510.1002/adma.200306565Search in Google Scholar
[7] Fahmy, T. Y. A., & Mobarak, F. (2008). Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72, 751–755. DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.00810.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.008Search in Google Scholar
[8] Holik, H. (2006). Handbook of paper and board. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760825710.1002/3527608257Search in Google Scholar
[9] Hubbe, M. A., Pawlak, J. J., & Koukoulas, A. A. (2008). Paper’s appearance: A review. BioResources, 3, 627–665. 10.15376/biores.3.2.627-665Search in Google Scholar
[10] Kang, T., & Paulapuro, H. (2006). New mechanical treatment of chemical pulp. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical ýEngineering, 220, 161–166. DOI:10.1243/09544089jpme81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544089JPME8110.1243/09544089JPME81Search in Google Scholar
[11] Kitamura, M., Konno, H., Yasui, A., & Masuoka, H. (2002). Controlling factors and mechanism of reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate polymorphs from calcium hydroxide suspensions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 236, 323–332. DOI:10.1016/s0022-0248(01)02082-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(01)02082-610.1016/S0022-0248(01)02082-6Search in Google Scholar
[12] Klungness, J. H., Ahmed, A., Ross-Sutherland, N., & Abu Bakr, S. (2000). Lightweight, high-opacity paper by fiber loading: Filler comparison. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 15, 345–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2000-15-05-p345-35010.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p345-350Search in Google Scholar
[13] Lin, T., Yin, X., Retulainen, E., & Nazhad, M. M. (2007). Effect of chemical pulp fines on filler retention and paper properties. APPITA Journal, 60, 469–473. Search in Google Scholar
[14] Maloney, T. C., Ataide, J., Kekkonen, J., Fordsmand, H., & Hoeg-Petersen, H. (2005). Changes to PCC structre in paper making. In: Proceeding of XIX National Technicelpa Conference, October 12–15, 2010. Lisbon, Portugal. Search in Google Scholar
[15] Shen, J., Song, Z. Q., Qian, X. R., & Yang, F. (2010). Carboxymethyl cellulose/alum modified precipitated calcium carbonate fillers: Preparation and their use in papermaking. Carbohydrate Polymers, 81, 545–553. DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.01210.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.012Search in Google Scholar
[16] Silenius, P. (2002). Improving the combination of critical properties and process parameters of printing and writing paper and paperboards by new paper-filling methods. Ph.D. thesis. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. Search in Google Scholar
[17] Silenius, P. (2003). European Patent No. 0930345. Munich, Germany: European Patent Office. Search in Google Scholar
[18] Song, D. L., Dong, C. X., Ragauskas, A., & Deng, Y. L. (2009). Filler modification engineering for improved paper properties and papermaking process. In TAPPI 2nd Annual Papercon’ 09 Conference — Solutions for a Changing World, May 31–June 3, 2009. St. Louis, MO, USA: Tappi. Search in Google Scholar
[19] Subramanian, R., Maloney, T., & Paulapuro, H. (2005). Calcium carbonate composite fillers. Tappi Journal, 4(7), 23–27. Search in Google Scholar
[20] Subramanian, R., Maloney, T. C., Kang, T., & Paulapuro, H. (2006). Calcium carbonate-cellulose fiber composites: The role of pulp refining. Paper Technology, 47(8), 27–31. Search in Google Scholar
[21] Subramanian, R., Fordsmand, H., & Paulapuro, H. (2007). Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) — cellulose composite fillers: Effect of pcc particle morphology on the production and properties of uncoated fine paper. BioResources, 2, 91–105. 10.15376/biores.2.1.91-105Search in Google Scholar
[22] Subramanian, R., Fordsmand, H., Paltakari, J., & Paulapuro, H. (2008). A new composite fine paper with high filler loading and functional cellulosic microfines. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 34, 146–152. Search in Google Scholar
[23] Tappi (1993). Ash in wood, pulp, paper and paperboard: combustion at 525°C, test method T211 om-93. Atlanta, GA, USA: Tappi. Search in Google Scholar
[24] Tappi (2005). Forming handsheets for physical tests of pulp, test method T 205 sp-12. Atlanta, GA, USA: Tappi. Search in Google Scholar
[25] Vengimalla, R., Chase, G. G., & Ramarao, B. V. (1999). Modeling of filler retention in compressible fibrous media. Separation and Purification Technology, 15, 153–161. DOI:10.1016/s1383-5866 (98)00092-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(98)00092-610.1016/S1383-5866(98)00092-6Search in Google Scholar
[26] Zhao, Y. L., Kim, D. H., White, D., Deng, Y. L., Patterson, T., Jones, P., Turner, E., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2008). Developing a new paradigm for linerboard fillers. Tappi Journal, 7(3), 3–7. Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Rapid determination of fosetyl-aluminium in commercial pesticide formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography
- Immobilisation of acid pectinase on graphene oxide nanosheets
- Bench-scale biosynthesis of isonicotinic acid from 4-cyanopyridine by Pseudomonas putida
- Enzymatic synthesis of a chiral chalcogran intermediate
- Separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by supported liquid membrane using D2EHPA/M2EHPA as mobile carrier
- Fouling of nanofiltration membranes used for separation of fermented glycerol solutions
- Oxyhumolite influence on adsorption and desorption of phosphate on blast furnace slag in the process of two-stage selective adsorption of Cu(II) and phosphate
- Cellulose-precipitated calcium carbonate composites and their effect on paper properties
- Landfill leachate treatment using the sequencing batch biofilm reactor method integrated with the electro-Fenton process
- Effect of sintering temperature on the magnetic properties and charge density distribution of nano-NiO
- Synthesis, optimization, characterization, and potential agricultural application of polymer hydrogel composites based on cotton microfiber
- Cu(II) removal enhancement from aqueous solutions using ion-imprinted membrane technique
- Synthesis of new eburnamine-type alkaloid via direct hydroalkoxylation
- Selection of surfactants as main components of ecological wetting agent for effective extinguishing of forest and peat-bog fires
- Ultrasonic and Lewis acid ionic liquid catalytic system for Kabachnik-Fields reaction
- A simple method for creating molecularly imprinted polymer-coated bacterial cellulose nanofibers
- Determination of pK a of N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxides using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Articles in the same Issue
- Rapid determination of fosetyl-aluminium in commercial pesticide formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography
- Immobilisation of acid pectinase on graphene oxide nanosheets
- Bench-scale biosynthesis of isonicotinic acid from 4-cyanopyridine by Pseudomonas putida
- Enzymatic synthesis of a chiral chalcogran intermediate
- Separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by supported liquid membrane using D2EHPA/M2EHPA as mobile carrier
- Fouling of nanofiltration membranes used for separation of fermented glycerol solutions
- Oxyhumolite influence on adsorption and desorption of phosphate on blast furnace slag in the process of two-stage selective adsorption of Cu(II) and phosphate
- Cellulose-precipitated calcium carbonate composites and their effect on paper properties
- Landfill leachate treatment using the sequencing batch biofilm reactor method integrated with the electro-Fenton process
- Effect of sintering temperature on the magnetic properties and charge density distribution of nano-NiO
- Synthesis, optimization, characterization, and potential agricultural application of polymer hydrogel composites based on cotton microfiber
- Cu(II) removal enhancement from aqueous solutions using ion-imprinted membrane technique
- Synthesis of new eburnamine-type alkaloid via direct hydroalkoxylation
- Selection of surfactants as main components of ecological wetting agent for effective extinguishing of forest and peat-bog fires
- Ultrasonic and Lewis acid ionic liquid catalytic system for Kabachnik-Fields reaction
- A simple method for creating molecularly imprinted polymer-coated bacterial cellulose nanofibers
- Determination of pK a of N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxides using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy
