The Eight Step Training Model: Improving Disaster Management Leadership
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Cole Slattery
In the aftermath of public tragedies such as the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, intense scrutiny was placed upon the emergency management community throughout all levels of government. Clearly, it is imperative that emergency managers understand the scope and scale of these events and subsequently the depth of planning required to execute coordinated preparedness, response and relief efforts. However, plans are merely a step in the overarching requirement of coordinating disaster response and delivering relief. One method for emergency managers to achieve success may be through the implementation of a disciplined training methodology, developed in the United States Army, known as the "Eight Step Training Model."At its essence, the eight step training model provides a logical, structured and repeatable framework for developing and executing training that is designed to build confident and competent emergency managers and improve the individual and collective training proficiency of primary and secondary responders (training participants). A time investment in this planning and training methodology will increase preparedness, response and recovery efforts and desired outcomes immeasurably. The model can focus upon local, State or Federal levels, incorporating Private Volunteer Organizations (PVOs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) or commercial industry whether local, regional or national. The steps are as follows: 1. Study/Teach the Literature / Doctrine (Certify Leaders); 2. Survey the Training Site; 3. Develop the Training Plan; 4. Issue the Plan; 5. Rehearse the Plan (Tabletop Exercise); 6. Execute the Training; 7. Evaluate the Training; and 8. Retrain as Needed to Meet Goals.At a minimum, the model acquaints participants with divergent organizational roles and missions and at its best instills confidence in participating organizations' ability to work together in a simulated setting before they are forced to collaborate during emergency response. The article seeks to describe the steps in detail and provide the reader with a fundamental understanding of the model as it may relate to their future training needs.
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
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- Review of Critical Path: A Brief History of Critical Infrastructure Protection in the United States
- Review of Combating Terrorism: Strategies and Approaches
- Review of Terrorism, War or Disease? Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons
- Review of Emergency Management in Higher Education: Current Practices and Conversations
- Review of The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty
- Review of The "New" Terrorism: Myths and Reality
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- Review of Incident Safety and Health Management Handbook (ISHMH)
- Review of Sex and War: How Biology Explains Warfare and Terrorism and Offers a Path to a Safer World
- Review of Strategic Advantage: Challengers, Competitors, and Threats to America's Future
- Review of Sharpening Strategic Intelligence: Why the CIA Gets It Wrong and What Needs to Be Done to Get It Right
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- Review of How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa'ida
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- Review of The Phoenix of Natural Disasters: Community Resilience
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- Have You Read Canada's Standing Senate Committee's Report on Emergency Preparedness?
- Comment
- Civic Mission of HS Education: A Response to McCreight
Articles in the same Issue
- Book Review
- Review of Critical Path: A Brief History of Critical Infrastructure Protection in the United States
- Review of Combating Terrorism: Strategies and Approaches
- Review of Terrorism, War or Disease? Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons
- Review of Emergency Management in Higher Education: Current Practices and Conversations
- Review of The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty
- Review of The "New" Terrorism: Myths and Reality
- Review of Disaster Response and Homeland Security: What Works, What Doesn't
- Review of Incident Safety and Health Management Handbook (ISHMH)
- Review of Sex and War: How Biology Explains Warfare and Terrorism and Offers a Path to a Safer World
- Review of Strategic Advantage: Challengers, Competitors, and Threats to America's Future
- Review of Sharpening Strategic Intelligence: Why the CIA Gets It Wrong and What Needs to Be Done to Get It Right
- Review of Terrorist Recognition Handbook: A Practitioner's Manual for Predicting and Identifying Terrorist Activities
- Review of International Terrorism and Threats to Security
- Review of How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa'ida
- Review of Natural Disaster Analysis after Hurricane Katrina: Risk Assessment, Economic Impacts and Social Implications
- Review of Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with Technology and Policy
- Review of Global Warming, Natural Hazards and Emergency Management
- Review of Apocalypse: Earthquakes, Archaeology, and the Wrath of God
- Review of Pet Emergency Pocket Guide- A Practical Guide for Pet Owners
- Review of Capitalizing on Catastrophe: Neoliberal Strategies in Disaster Reconstruction
- Review of World at Risk: The Report of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism
- Review of An Evaluation of Maritime Policy in Meeting the Commercial and Security Needs of the United States
- Review of The Phoenix of Natural Disasters: Community Resilience
- Review of Far from Home: Deficiencies in Federal Disaster Housing Assistance after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and Recommendations for Improvement
- Review of Essentials of Terror Medicine
- Review of Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness
- Review of Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies
- Review of Homeland Security and Private Sector Business: Corporations' Role in Critical Infrastructure Protection
- Review of Disaster Recovery
- Review of Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad
- Review of Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Growing Threat
- Review of Public Role and Engagement in Counterterrorism Efforts: Implications of Israeli Practices for the U.S.
- Review of Communicating Emergency Preparedness: Strategies for Creating a Disaster Resilient Public
- Review of A Weekend in September
- Review of Through a Night of Horrors: Voices from the 1900 Galveston Storm
- Review of Intelligence for an Age of Terror
- Review of Security Manager's Guide to Disasters: Managing Through Emergencies, Violence, and Other Workplace Threats
- Review of Social Vulnerability to Disasters
- Review of Medical Disaster Response: A Survival Guide for Hospitals in Mass Casualty Events
- Review of How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns
- Review of WMD Terrorism: Science and Policy Choices
- Review of Global Business and the Terrorist Threat
- Research Article
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- Private Sector Contributions to National Cyber Security: A Preliminary Analysis
- The Eight Step Training Model: Improving Disaster Management Leadership
- A Framework for Analyzing the Total Economic Impacts of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters
- The Stafford Act and Priorities for Reform
- Colonel Blotto in the War on Terror: Implications for Event Frequency
- The Present Status of Creating the Security System of the Slovak Republic after Entering the European Union
- National Security Strategies: Security from What, for Whom, and by What Means
- The Benefit-Cost Analysis of Security Focused Regulations
- The Dynamics of Terrorist Networks: Understanding the Survival Mechanisms of Global Salafi Jihad
- Federal Disaster Relief in the U.S.: The Role of Political Partisanship and Preference in Presidential Disaster Declarations and Turndowns
- A Game Theory Approach for Evaluating Terrorist Threats and Deploying Response Agents in Urban Environments
- The Role for Exercises in Senior Policy Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
- Learning from Exemplary Practices in International Disaster Management: A Fresh Avenue to Inform U.S. Policy?
- Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Homeland Security and Emergency Management Courses
- Emergency Managers in Ontario: An Exploratory Study of Their Perspectives
- Local Emergency Management Funding: An Evaluation of County Budgets
- Do State Written Pandemic Plans Include Federal Recommendations? A National Study
- Interorganizational Coordination in Complex Environments of Disasters: The Evolution of Intergovernmental Disaster Response Systems
- Evacuation Decision Support System for Road Incident Detection and Characterization
- Development and Implementation of a Functional Exercise to Assess Public Health Agency Response to Foodborne Bioterrorism
- European Homeland Security: Bureaucratic Politics and Policymaking in the EU
- National and Global Efforts to Enhance Containerized Freight Security
- Can Climate Signals Inform Emergency Management? Preliminary Evidence
- Escaping the Entanglement: Reversing Jurisdictional Fragmentation over the Department of Homeland Security
- Towards an Emergency Response Report Card: Evaluating the Response to the I-35W Bridge Collapse
- Forms of Inter-Organizational Learning in Emergency Management Networks
- Social Media Monitoring and the Democratic National Convention: New Tasks and Emergent Processes
- Homeland Security and the Police Mission
- Elicitation of Pandemic Coping Strategies among Health Care Workers: Contextual Adaptation of a Mental Models Method
- The Cybersecurity Triad: Government, Private Sector Partners, and the Engaged Cybersecurity Citizen
- Analogical Reasoning and Complexity
- Learning from Crisis: A Framework of Management, Learning and Implementation in Response to Crises
- Rapid Sensor Technology: A Risk and System Complexity Analyses of Early Detection of Influenza-Like-Illnesses
- Using Dynamic Graph Matching and Gravity Models for Early Detection of Bioterrorist Attacks
- Communication/News
- Seismic Safety Conference - December 2009
- Applications of Nanotechnology to the Food & Water Infrastructure
- Focal Points in Homeland Security/Emergency Management Research and Practice
- Early Warning Systems for Disasters in Jordan: Current and Future Trends
- Application of the "Spider-Web Approach" to Korean Emergency Management
- An Operational Framework for Resilience
- The Cost-Effective Implementation of an Electronic Document Management System at a Poison Information Center to Improve Preparedness for a Terrorism Incident
- Opinion
- Educational Challenges in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
- Long Term Recovery from Disasters -- The Neglected Component of Emergency Management
- An Alternative Approach to Disaster Relief
- Have You Read Canada's Standing Senate Committee's Report on Emergency Preparedness?
- Comment
- Civic Mission of HS Education: A Response to McCreight