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The olivine-spinel- aSiO2melt  (OSaS) oxybarometer: A new method for evaluating magmatic oxygen fugacity in olivine-phyric basalts

  • Aaron S. Bell EMAIL logo , Laura E. Waters and Mark Ghiorso
Published/Copyright: January 18, 2025
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 110 Issue 1

Abstract

The compositions of cotectic olivine-spinel pairs in mafic magmas provide information on the oxygen fugacity of their host liquid, which can be accessed with a thermodynamic analysis of the olivinespinel-liquid peritectic reaction:

3Fe2SiO4oliv +O2sys =2Fe3O4sp +3SiO2melt 

The extraction of redox information from cotectic olivine-spinel pairs requires a well-defined silica activity value ( aSiO2melt  ) for the melt of interest, as well as a method to calculate aFe2SiO4oliv  and aFe3O4sp from chemical analyses of olivine and spinel, respectively. In this work, we develop a new olivine-spinel- aSiO2melt  (OSaS) oxygen barometer that utilizes MELTS to obtain values of aSiO2melt  , which are used with values aFe2SiO4oliv  and aFe3O4sp determined from established solution models for olivine and spinel. We find that two implementations of the spinel-liquid peritectic equilibria can successfully generate magmatic oxygen fugacity values: (1) using a combination of mineral activity models from the literature (classical-OSaS) and aSiO2melt  determined from MELTS, and (2) directly from chemical potentials obtained from MELTS, where a correction is added to the MELTS-derived chemical potentials for the magnetite component of the spinel (MELTS-OSaS). The two implementations of the OSaS were tested by using each model to recover the experimentally reported fO2 values for a data set consisting of 50 olivine-spinel-glass assemblages derived from 14 published experimental studies. This data set was filtered to remove potential disequilibrium phase assemblages, experiments with failed redox buffers, and poor-quality EMP analyses. Data quality metrics for the data set filtration included Fe-Mg partitioning between olivine and melt, Fe-Mg partitioning between olivine-spinel, and an examination of whether aSiO2melt  values were consistent with the reported phase assemblages. The classical-OSaS implementations reproduced the log fO2values reported from the experimental data set with a standard error estimate (SEE) of ±0.39, root mean standard error (RMSE) of ±0.40 and average deviation of ±0.31. In testing the MELTS-OSaS model, we identified that the solution model for magnetite underpredicted the values of aFe3O4sp ; therefore, we used the 50 experiments to assign a correction to the MELTS-predicted chemical potentials of magnetite. We tested the MELTS-OSaS model with the magnetite correction on a data set of 18 additional buffered experiments, filtered for redox equilibrium and not included in the original experimental data set. We find that the MELTs-OSaS model, which includes the correction for the magnetite chemical potential, reproduces log fO2 values for the 18 experiments with a SEE of ±0.20, RMSE of ±0.23, and average deviation of ±0.18. The OSaS oxybarometer can return magmatic log fO2 values with a standard error of ±0.20 to 0.39 log units, depending on the model selected, provided that the olivine-spinel cotectic temperature is known to an accuracy of ±25 °C, the H2O content of the melt can be estimated within ±1.5 wt%, and that the crystallization pressure of the olivine-spinel pair is <500 MPa. We also propose that the OSaS models can be applied to experimental run products to determine or confirm oxygen fugacity values. We additionally suggest that the careful application of the OSaS oxybarometer can provide a reliable and robust alternative for performing redox studies on samples that do not contain sufficient glassy material to support the application of spectroscopic techniques (i.e., XANES and Mössbauer).

Keywords: Oxybarometer; MELTS; silica activity; magmatic redox; spinel

Acknowledgments

John Naliboff is thanked for assistance with developing the initial coding approach to this project. Yishen Zhang is thanked for detailed comments and feedback in review that led to improvements on this manuscript. We also acknowledge Fred Davis for his comments on the manuscript. Chip Lesher, the handling editor for this manuscript, is additionally thanked for his feedback and comments on the manuscript.

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Received: 2023-04-07
Accepted: 2024-04-10
Published Online: 2025-01-18
Published in Print: 2025-01-29

© 2025 Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Thermoelasticity of phase D and implications for low-velocity anomalies and local discontinuities at the uppermost lower mantle
  2. Plastic deformation of dry, fine-grained olivine aggregates under high pressures
  3. Raman Match: Application for automated identification of minerals from Raman spectroscopy data
  4. Estimating modal mineralogy using Raman spectroscopy: Multivariate analysis models and Raman cross-section proxies
  5. The olivine-spinel- aSiO2melt  (OSaS) oxybarometer: A new method for evaluating magmatic oxygen fugacity in olivine-phyric basalts
  6. The transition of the magma plumbing system of Tianchi shield-forming basalts, Changbaishan Volcanic Field, NE China: Constraints from dynamic Fe-Mg diffusion modeling in olivine
  7. Arsenic in pyrite acts as a catalyst for dissolution-reprecipitation reaction and gold remobilization
  8. In-situ and ex-situ experimental investigation on the chalcopyrite replacement in saline solution at 310–365 °C and 15–25 MPa
  9. Cassiterite and Sn mineralization in the giant Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit, Northern China
  10. Enrichment and fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in ion-adsorption-type REE deposits: Constraints of an iron (hydr)oxide-clay mineral composite
  11. Mineral precipitation sequence from multi-stage fluids released by eclogite during high-pressure metamorphism
  12. Miyake-jima anorthite: A lunar crustal material analog
  13. Mushroom-shaped growth of crystals on the Moon
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9021
Keywords for this article
Oxybarometer; MELTS; silica activity; magmatic redox; spinel

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Thermoelasticity of phase D and implications for low-velocity anomalies and local discontinuities at the uppermost lower mantle
  2. Plastic deformation of dry, fine-grained olivine aggregates under high pressures
  3. Raman Match: Application for automated identification of minerals from Raman spectroscopy data
  4. Estimating modal mineralogy using Raman spectroscopy: Multivariate analysis models and Raman cross-section proxies
  5. The olivine-spinel- aSiO2melt  (OSaS) oxybarometer: A new method for evaluating magmatic oxygen fugacity in olivine-phyric basalts
  6. The transition of the magma plumbing system of Tianchi shield-forming basalts, Changbaishan Volcanic Field, NE China: Constraints from dynamic Fe-Mg diffusion modeling in olivine
  7. Arsenic in pyrite acts as a catalyst for dissolution-reprecipitation reaction and gold remobilization
  8. In-situ and ex-situ experimental investigation on the chalcopyrite replacement in saline solution at 310–365 °C and 15–25 MPa
  9. Cassiterite and Sn mineralization in the giant Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit, Northern China
  10. Enrichment and fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in ion-adsorption-type REE deposits: Constraints of an iron (hydr)oxide-clay mineral composite
  11. Mineral precipitation sequence from multi-stage fluids released by eclogite during high-pressure metamorphism
  12. Miyake-jima anorthite: A lunar crustal material analog
  13. Mushroom-shaped growth of crystals on the Moon
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