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Lazaraskeite, Cu(C2H3O3)2, the first organic mineral containing glycolate, from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A

  • Hexiong Yang , Xiangping Gu , Ronald B. Gibbs , Stanley H. Evans , Robert T. Downs and Zak Jibrin
Published/Copyright: February 25, 2022
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 107 Issue 3

Abstract

A new organic mineral species, lazaraskeite, ideally Cu(C2H3O3)2 with two polytypes M1 and M2, was discovered in the high elevation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, north of Tucson, Arizona, U. S.A. Both lazaraskeite-M1 and -M2 occur as euhedral individual crystals (up to 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.80 mm) or aggregates, with the former being more equant crystals and the latter bladed crystals elongated along the c axis. Associated minerals include chrysocolla, malachite, wulfenite, mimetite, hydroxylpyromorphite, hematite, microcline, muscovite, and quartz. Both polytypes are greenish-blue in transmitted light, transparent with white streak, and a vitreous luster. They are brittle and have a Mohs hardness of ~2; cleavage is perfect on {101}. No parting or twinning was observed. The measured and calculated densities are 2.12(2) and 2.138 g/cm3, respectively, for lazaraskeite-M1 and 2.10(2) and 2.086 g/cm3 for lazaraskeite-M2. Optically, lazaraskeite-M1 is biaxial (−), with α = 1.595(3), β = 1.629(8), γ = 1.645(5), 2Vmeas = 69(2)°, 2Vcal = 67°. Lazaraskeite-M2 is also biaxial (−), with α = 1.520(5), β = 1.578(6), γ = 1.610(5), 2Vmeas = 73(2)°, 2Vcal = 70°. Lazaraskeite is insoluble in water or acetone. An electron microprobe analysis for Cu and an Elemental Combustion System equipped with mass spectrometry for C yielded an empirical formula, based on 6 O apfu, Cu1.01(C1.99H2.99O3)2 for lazaraskeite-M1 and Cu1.01(C1.98H3.00O3)2 for lazaraskeite-M2. The measured δ13C ‰ values are –37.7(1) and –37.8(1) for lazaraskeite-M1 and -M2, respectively.

Both lazaraskeite-M1 and -M2 are monoclinic with the same space group P21/n. The unit-cell parameters are a = 5.1049(2), b = 8.6742(4), c = 7.7566(3) Å, β = 106.834(2)°, V = 328.75(2) Å3 for M1 and a = 5.1977(3), b = 7.4338(4), c = 8.8091(4) Å, β = 101.418(2)°, V = 333.64(3) Å3 for M2. Lazaraskeite-M1 is the natural analog of synthetic bis(glycolato)copper(II), Cu(C2H3O3)2. Its crystal structure is characterized by layers made of octahedrally coordinated Cu2+ cations and glycolate (C2H3O3)– anionic groups. These layers, parallel to (101), are linked together by the strong hydrogen bonds (O-H···O = 2.58 Å). The CuO6 octahedron is highly distorted, with four equatorial Cu-O bonds between 1.92 and 1.94 Å and two axial bonds at 2.54 Å. Lazaraskeite-M2 has the same topology as lazaraskeite-M1 and possesses all structural features of the low-temperature phase transformed from lazaraskeite-M1 at 220 K (Yoneyama et al. 2013). The major differences between the two polytypes of lazaraskeite include: (1) M1 has b > c, with β = 106.8°, whereas M2 has b < c, with β = 101.4°; (2) the CuO6 octahedron in M1 is more elongated and distorted than in M2; and (3) there is a relative change in the molecular orientation between the two structures.

Lazaraskeite represents the first organic mineral that contains glycolate. Not only does its discovery imply that more glycolate minerals may be found, but also suggests that glycolate minerals may serve as a potential storage for biologically fixed carbon.

Keywords: Lazaraskeite; organic mineral; glycolate; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction

Acknowledgments

This study was supported partially by Michael M. Scott.

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Received: 2020-11-16
Accepted: 2021-02-28
Published Online: 2022-02-25
Published in Print: 2022-03-28

© 2022 Mineralogical Society of America

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  3. Melting phase relation of Fe-bearing Phase D up to the uppermost lower mantle
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  7. Characterization of carbon phases in Yamato 74123 ureilite to constrain the meteorite shock history
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  13. Element mobility and oxygen isotope systematics during submarine alteration of basaltic glass
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  21. Textural, fluid inclusion, and in-situ oxygen isotope studies of quartz: Constraints on vein formation, disequilibrium fractionation, and gold precipitation at the Bilihe gold deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7895
Keywords for this article
Lazaraskeite; organic mineral; glycolate; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Structure of basaltic glass at pressures up to 18 GPa
  2. Synthesis of calcium orthocarbonate, Ca2CO4-Pnma at P-T conditions of Earth’s transition zone and lower mantle
  3. Melting phase relation of Fe-bearing Phase D up to the uppermost lower mantle
  4. Evidence from HP/UHP metasediments for recycling of isotopically heterogeneous potassium into the mantle
  5. Effect of sulfur on siderophile element partitioning between olivine and a primary melt from the martian mantle
  6. Gold speciation in hydrothermal fluids revealed by in situ high energy resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy
  7. Characterization of carbon phases in Yamato 74123 ureilite to constrain the meteorite shock history
  8. Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity
  9. Magnetite-rutile symplectite in ilmenite records magma hydration in layered intrusions
  10. Ferromagnesian jeffbenite synthesized at 15 GPa and 1200 °C
  11. Electrical conductivity of metasomatized lithology in subcontinental lithosphere
  12. Measurements of the Lamb-Mössbauer factor at simultaneous high-pressure-temperature conditions and estimates of the equilibrium isotopic fractionation of iron
  13. Element mobility and oxygen isotope systematics during submarine alteration of basaltic glass
  14. Dissolved silica-catalyzed disordered dolomite precipitation
  15. Elasticity and high-pressure behavior of Mg2Cr2O5 and CaTi2O4-type phases of magnesiochromite and chromite
  16. Significance of tridymite distribution during cooling and vapor-phase alteration of ignimbrites
  17. Micropores and mass transfer in the formation of myrmekites
  18. Mn3+ and the pink color of gem-quality euclase from northeast Brazil
  19. Geochemistry and boron isotope compositions of tourmalines from the granite-greisen-quartz vein system in Dayishan pluton, Southern China: Implications for potential mineralization
  20. Lazaraskeite, Cu(C2H3O3)2, the first organic mineral containing glycolate, from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
  21. Textural, fluid inclusion, and in-situ oxygen isotope studies of quartz: Constraints on vein formation, disequilibrium fractionation, and gold precipitation at the Bilihe gold deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
  22. Immiscible metallic melts in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel: Silicides, phosphides, and carbides
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