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Nickel variability in Hawaiian olivine: Evaluating the relative contributions from mantle and crustal processes

  • Kendra J. Lynn EMAIL logo , Thomas Shea and Michael O. Garcia
Published/Copyright: March 6, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 3

Abstract

Olivine in Hawaiian tholeiitic lavas have high NiO at given forsterite (Fo) contents (e.g., 0.25–0.60 wt% at Fo88) compared to MORB (e.g., 0.10–0.28 wt% at Fo88). This difference is commonly related to source variables such as depth and temperature of melting and/or lithology. Hawaiian olivine NiO contents are also highly variable and can range from 0.25–0.60 wt% at a given Fo. Here we examine the effects of crustal processes (fractional crystallization, magma mixing, diffusive re-equilibration) on the Ni content in olivine from Hawaiian basalts. Olivine compositions for five major Hawaiian volcanoes can be subdivided at ≥Fo88 into high-Ni (0.25–0.60 wt% NiO; Ko‘olau, Mauna Loa, and Mauna Kea) and low-Ni (0.25–0.45 wt% NiO; Kllauea and Lō‘ihi), groups that are unrelated to major isotopic trends (e.g., Loa and Kea). Within each group, individual volcanoes show up to 2.5× variation in olivine NiO contents at a given Fo. Whole-rock Ni contents from Ko‘olau, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Kīlauea lavas overlap significantly and do not correlate with differences in olivine NiO contents. However, inter-volcano variations in parental melt polymerization (NBO/T) and nickel partition coefficients (DNiO1/melt), caused by variable melt SiO2, correlate with observed differences in olivine NiO at Fo90, indicating that an olivine-free source lithology does not produce the inter-volcano groups. Additionally, large intra-volcano variations in olivine NiO can occur with minimal variation in lava SiO2 and NBO/T. Minor variations in parental melt NiO contents (0.09–0.11 wt%) account for the observed range of NiO in ≥Fo88 olivine. High-precision electron microprobe analyses of olivine from Kīlauea eruptions (1500–2010 C.E.) show that the primary controls on <Fo88 olivine NiO contents are fractional crystallization, magma mixing, and diffusive re-equilibration. Core-rim transects of normally zoned olivine crystals reveal marked differences in Fo and NiO zoning patterns that cannot be related solely to fractional crystallization. These Fo-NiO profiles usually occur in olivine with <Fo88 and are common in mixed magmas, although they are not restricted to lavas with obvious petrographic signs of mixing. Three-dimensional numerical diffusion models show that diffusive re-equilibration decouples the growth zoning signatures of faster diffusing Fe-Mg (Fo) from the somewhat slower Ni. This diffusive “decoupling” overprints the chemical relationships of Fe-Mg, Ni, and Mn inherited from crystal growth and influences the calculated fraction of pyroxenite-derived melt (Xpx). Sections of numerical olivine that have been affected by diffusive re-equilibration indicate that larger phenocrysts (800 μm along c-axis) are >50% more likely to preserve original Xpx compared to smaller phenocrysts (400 μm along c-axis) which rarely (6%) recover original Xpx. Sections that are parallel or sub-parallel to the c-axis and/or pass near the core of the crystal best preserve growth signatures. Thus, diffusive reequilibration, crystal size, and sectioning effects can strongly influence the characterization of mantle source lithologies for Hawaiian volcanoes.

Keywords: Olivine; nickel; Kīlauea; Hawai‘i; magma mixing; diffusion; pyroxenite

Special collection information can be found at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Keith Putirka, Benoît Welsh, and Dawn Sweeny-Ruth for fruitful discussions on olivine growth and compositional zoning, Mike Vollinger for XRF analyses, Eric Hellebrand for assistance with EPMA analyses, Jared Marske for unpublished East Rift Zone XRF data, and Garrett Ito for access to the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Geophysics and Tectonics Division’s computer cluster for diffusion modeling. We thank Claude Herzberg and Andrew Matzen for their helpful formal reviews, and Bruce Watson for editorial handling. The comments from the GG616 Scientific Writing class are also appreciated. This work is supported by NSF Grants EAR1118741 and EAR13347915 to M.G., EAR1321890 to T.S., the Fred M. Bullard Foundation and the University of Hawai‘i Graduate Student Organization to K.L. This is SOEST contribution number 9392.

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Received: 2016-3-11
Accepted: 2016-10-4
Published Online: 2017-3-6
Published in Print: 2017-3-1

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5763
Keywords for this article
Olivine; nickel; Kīlauea; Hawai‘i; magma mixing; diffusion; pyroxenite

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  2. Sulfide-silicate textures in magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ore deposits: Disseminated and net-textured ores
  3. Special collection: Olivine
  4. Nickel variability in Hawaiian olivine: Evaluating the relative contributions from mantle and crustal processes
  5. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  6. Hydrogen incorporation mechanisms in forsterite: New insights from 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and first-principles calculation
  7. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
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  10. Co-variability of S6+, S4+, and S2− in apatite as a function of oxidation state: Implications for a new oxybarometer
  11. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  12. Apatite in the dike-gabbro transition zone of mid-ocean ridge: Evidence for brine assimilation by axial melt lens
  13. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  14. LA-Q-ICP-MS apatite U/Pb geochronology using common Pb in plagioclase: Examples from layered mafic intrusions
  15. Special collection: Apatite: A common mineral, uncommonly versatile
  16. Chlorine and fluorine partitioning between apatite and sediment melt at 2.5 GPa, 800 °C: A new experimentally derived thermodynamic model
  17. Outlooks in earth and planetary materials
  18. On the mineralogy of the “Anthropocene Epoch”
  20. Chromium mineral ecology
  22. Representative size distributions of framboidal, euhedral, and sunflower pyrite from high-resolution X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy analyses
  24. Phase relations of MgFe2O4 at conditions of the deep upper mantle and transition zone
  26. Thermodynamics and crystal chemistry of rhomboclase, (H5O2)Fe(SO4)2⋅2H2O, and the phase (H3O)Fe(SO4)2 and implications for acid mine drainage
  28. Chemical lattice expansion of natural zircon during the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of A-type granite
  30. A new high-pressure phase transition in clinoferrosilite: In situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
  32. Investigating nanoscale mineral compositions: Iron L3-edge spectroscopic evaluation of iron oxide and oxy-hydroxide coordination
  33. Letter
  34. Nitrogen and carbon concentrations and isotopic compositions of the silica clathrate melanophlogite
  35. Letter
  36. Hollisterite (Al3Fe), kryachkoite (Al,Cu)6(Fe,Cu), and stolperite (AlCu): Three new minerals from the Khatyrka CV3 carbonaceous chondrite
  38. New Mineral Names
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