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Fluorapatite-monazite-allanite relations in the Grängesberg apatite-iron oxide ore district, Bergslagen, Sweden

  • Erik Jonsson EMAIL logo , Daniel E. Harlov , Jaroslaw Majka , Karin Högdahl and Katarina Persson-Nilsson
Published/Copyright: July 30, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 8

Abstract

Fluorapatite-monazite-xenotime-allanite mineralogy, petrology, and textures are described for a suite of Kiruna-type apatite-iron oxide ore bodies from the Grängesberg Mining District in the Bergslagen ore province, south central Sweden. Fluorapatite occurs in three main lithological assemblages. These include: (1) the apatite-iron oxide ore bodies, (2) breccias associated with the ore bodies, which contain fragmented fluorapatite crystals, and (3) the variably altered host rocks, which contain sporadic, isolated fluorapatite grains or aggregates that are occasionally associated with magnetite in the silicate mineral matrix. Fluorapatite associated with the ore bodies is often zoned, with the outer rim enriched in Y+REE compared to the inner core. It contains sparse monazite inclusions. In the breccia, fluorapatite is rich in monazite-(Ce) ± xenotime-(Y) inclusions, especially in its cores, along with reworked, larger monazite grains along fluorapatite and other mineral grain rims. In the host rocks, a small subset of the fluorapatite grains contain monazite ± xenotime inclusions, while the large majority are devoid of inclusions. Overall, these monazites are relatively poor in Th and U. Allanite-(Ce) is found as inclusions and crack fillings in the fluorapatite from all three assemblage types as well as in the form of independent grains in the surrounding silicate mineral matrix in the host rocks. The apatite-iron oxide ore bodies are proposed to have an igneous, sub-volcanic origin, potentially accompanied by explosive eruptions, which were responsible for the accompanying fluorapatite-rich breccias. Metasomatic alteration of the ore bodies probably began during the later stages of crystallization from residual, magmatically derived HCl- and H2SO4-bearing fluids present along grain boundaries. This was most likely followed by fluid exchange between the ore and its host rocks, both immediately after emplacement of the apatite-iron oxide body, and during subsequent phases of regional metamorphism and deformation.

Keywords: Fluorapatite; monazite; xenotime; allanite; magnetite; REE; Kiruna-type

Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

We thank Dieter Rhede for support with the electron microprobe at the Geo-ForschungsZentrum. The staff at the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) mineral office in Malå is thanked for their kind and enthusiastic help during drill core studies and sampling campaigns. This study is part of a project on the apatite-iron oxide deposits of the Grängesberg district, funded by the SGU.

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Received: 2015-12-15
Accepted: 2016-3-27
Published Online: 2016-7-30
Published in Print: 2016-8-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A new approach to the ionic model
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Na-P concentrations in high-pressure garnets: A potentially rich, but risky P-T repository
  5. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  6. Crystal accumulation in a tilted arc batholith
  7. Research Article
  8. A tale of two garnets: The role of solid solution in the development toward a modern mineralogy
  9. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  10. The crystal structure of svabite, Ca5(AsO4)3F, an arsenate member of the apatite supergroup
  11. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  12. From phosphates to silicates and back: an experimental study on the transport and storage of phosphorus in eclogites during uplift and exhumation
  13. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  14. Fluorapatite-monazite-allanite relations in the Grängesberg apatite-iron oxide ore district, Bergslagen, Sweden
  15. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  16. Solid solution in the apatite OH-Cl binary system: Compositional dependence of solid-solution mechanisms in calcium phosphate apatites along the Cl-OH binary
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Dissolution-reprecipitation metasomatism and growth of zircon within phosphatic garnet in metapelites from western Massachusetts
  19. Special Collection: New Advances In Subduction Zone Magma Genesis
  20. Origin and petrogenetic implications of anomalous olivine from a Cascade forearc basalt
  21. Versatile Monazite: Resolving Geological Records and Solving Challenges in Materials Science
  22. Monazite age constraints on the tectono-thermal evolution of the central Appalachian Piedmont
  23. Research Article
  24. A new EPMA method for fast trace element analysis in simple matrices
  25. Research Article
  26. Location and stability of europium in calcium sulfate and its relevance to rare earth recovery from phosphogypsum waste
  27. Research Article
  28. A preliminary valence-multipole potential energy model: Al-Si-H-O system
  29. Research Article
  30. Optical phonons, OH vibrations, and structural modifications of phlogopite at high temperatures: An in-situ infrared spectroscopic study
  31. Research Article
  32. Redox states of uranium in samples of microlite and monazite
  33. Research Article
  34. Effects of differential stress on the structure and Raman spectra of calcite from first-principles calculations
  35. Research Article
  36. Oxygen diffusion and exchange in dolomite rock at 700 °C, 100 MPa
  37. Research Article
  38. Fluid inclusion examination of the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions in pegmatites from San Diego County, California
  39. Letter
  40. Nanoscale gold clusters in arsenopyrite controlled by growth rate not concentration: Evidence from atom probe microscopy
  41. New Mineral Names
  42. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5655
Keywords for this article
Fluorapatite; monazite; xenotime; allanite; magnetite; REE; Kiruna-type

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A new approach to the ionic model
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Na-P concentrations in high-pressure garnets: A potentially rich, but risky P-T repository
  5. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  6. Crystal accumulation in a tilted arc batholith
  7. Research Article
  8. A tale of two garnets: The role of solid solution in the development toward a modern mineralogy
  9. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  10. The crystal structure of svabite, Ca5(AsO4)3F, an arsenate member of the apatite supergroup
  11. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  12. From phosphates to silicates and back: an experimental study on the transport and storage of phosphorus in eclogites during uplift and exhumation
  13. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  14. Fluorapatite-monazite-allanite relations in the Grängesberg apatite-iron oxide ore district, Bergslagen, Sweden
  15. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  16. Solid solution in the apatite OH-Cl binary system: Compositional dependence of solid-solution mechanisms in calcium phosphate apatites along the Cl-OH binary
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Dissolution-reprecipitation metasomatism and growth of zircon within phosphatic garnet in metapelites from western Massachusetts
  19. Special Collection: New Advances In Subduction Zone Magma Genesis
  20. Origin and petrogenetic implications of anomalous olivine from a Cascade forearc basalt
  21. Versatile Monazite: Resolving Geological Records and Solving Challenges in Materials Science
  22. Monazite age constraints on the tectono-thermal evolution of the central Appalachian Piedmont
  23. Research Article
  24. A new EPMA method for fast trace element analysis in simple matrices
  25. Research Article
  26. Location and stability of europium in calcium sulfate and its relevance to rare earth recovery from phosphogypsum waste
  27. Research Article
  28. A preliminary valence-multipole potential energy model: Al-Si-H-O system
  29. Research Article
  30. Optical phonons, OH vibrations, and structural modifications of phlogopite at high temperatures: An in-situ infrared spectroscopic study
  31. Research Article
  32. Redox states of uranium in samples of microlite and monazite
  33. Research Article
  34. Effects of differential stress on the structure and Raman spectra of calcite from first-principles calculations
  35. Research Article
  36. Oxygen diffusion and exchange in dolomite rock at 700 °C, 100 MPa
  37. Research Article
  38. Fluid inclusion examination of the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions in pegmatites from San Diego County, California
  39. Letter
  40. Nanoscale gold clusters in arsenopyrite controlled by growth rate not concentration: Evidence from atom probe microscopy
  41. New Mineral Names
  42. New Mineral Names
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