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Heilung zivilrechtlich unwirksamer Vollzugsrechtsgeschäfte bei nachträglichem Entfall der Fusionskontrollpflicht des Zusammenschlusses

  • Patrick Hauser
Published/Copyright: March 4, 2022
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Zusammenfassung

Fusionskontrollpflichtige Zusammenschlüsse dürfen vor Freigabe durch das Bundeskartellamt grundsätzlich nicht vollzogen werden. § 41 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GWB sichert dieses Vollzugsverbot zivilrechtlich ab und ordnet die Unwirksamkeit von Rechtsgeschäften an, die gegen dieses Verbot verstoßen. Derartige Rechtsgeschäfte sind nicht nichtig, sondern (nur) schwebend unwirksam. Nach herrschender Auffassung ist der Heilungstatbestand in § 41 Abs. 1 Satz 3 Nr. 3 GWB abschließend. Richtigerweise besteht aber eine ungeschriebene Heilungsmöglichkeit mit Wirkung ex nunc, wenn der Zusammenschluss im Nachhinein aus dem Anwendungsbereich der §§ 35 ff. GWB herausfällt, wie der nachfolgende Beitrag darlegt.

Abstract

Effectiveness of legal transactions implementing a concentration without merger clearance in case the concentration is subsequently not subject to merger control anymore

Within the scope of merger control it is in general prohibited to implement a merger or concentration prior to clearance of the merger by the Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt). Legal transactions violating this prohibition are ineffective according to Sec. 41 para 1 sentence 2 GWB (Act against Restraints of Competition). According to Sec. 41 para 1 sentence 3 number 3 GWB the legal transactions become effective if the Federal Cartel Office is informed of the previously non-notified concentration after implementation of the concentration and subsequently closes the dissolution proceedings. It is argued in this paper that contrary to the prevailing opinion this rule is not conclusive. The prohibition of merger implementation aims to prevent deteriorations in structural competitive conditions caused by notifiable mergers that are subsequently difficult or impossible to correct. Should, however, a concentration due to subsequent changes fall outside the scope of the German merger control rules the spirit and purpose of the prohibition of merger implementation do not demand that the validity of the transaction remains suspended. Rather, the legal transaction could at this point in time take place without violating the merger control regime. Therefore, the legal transactions become effective with effect ex nunc once the concentration does not fall within the scope of the German merger control anymore.

Published Online: 2022-03-04
Published in Print: 2022-03-04

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