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Measuring sorption coefficients and BET surface areas on intact drillcore and crushed granite samples

  • Magnus André , Ivars Neretnieks and M. E. Malmström
Published/Copyright: September 25, 2009
Radiochimica Acta
From the journal Radiochimica Acta Volume 96 Issue 9-11

Abstract

In general sorption coefficients, Kd, cat ion exchange capacity, CEC, and BET surface areas are measured on crushed rock samples because it is very time consuming to measure Kd and CEC on larger rock pieces as it takes a long time for the sorbing species to penetrate into and equilibrate a large sample. Also conventional sample holders for BET measurements are too small to hold a large sample.

We have manufactured large sample holders for BET measurements and modified the equipment so that it is possible to measure BET surface areas on samples with 50 mm diameter and up to 100 mm length. Results are presented for intact pieces and compared to results on crushed material from the same drillcore.

For Kd and CEC measurements we have developed a technique and equipment by which ions can be made to rapidly intrude into and equilibrate the internal surfaces of the same size samples as mentioned above. The method is based on electro-migration where the sample is placed between two vessels one with an anode and other with a cathode. The electric potential gradient drives the ions into and through the sample very much faster than molecular diffusion does. With Cs as the sorbing ion a few weeks were sufficient to equilibrate the 50 mm long sample. In previous diffusion experiments it took more than a year to equilibrate a 15 mm thick sample. A special mixing technique eliminates the development of low and high pH in the electrode compartments.

Kd results from measurements on an intact drillcore are presented and comparison is made with results obtained on crushed material from the same bore core. The results from the sorption experiments are compared with the results from the BET surface area determinations in an attempt to evaluate the use of the BET surface area as a proxy for sorption behaviour.

Keywords: Sorption; Electromigration; Crystalline rock; Granite; BET-surface area
* Correspondence address: Dept. Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10044 Stockholm, Schweden,
Published Online: 2009-09-25
Published in Print: 2008-11

© by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Stockholm, Germany

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Preface
  2. Discrepancies in thorium oxide solubility values: a new experimental approach to improve understanding of oxide surface at solid/solution interface
  3. Modeling plutonium solubility for Yucca Mountain performance assessment
  4. Uranium/technetium separation for the UREX process – synthesis and characterization of solid reprocessing forms
  5. UO2 dissolution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH>11
  6. Solubility of Zr(IV), Th(IV) and Pu(IV) hydrous oxides in CaCl2 solutions and the formation of ternary Ca-M(IV)-OH complexes
  7. A TRLFS study of Cm(III) hydroxide complexes in alkaline CaCl2 solutions
  8. Thermodynamic interpretation of neptunium coprecipitation in uranophane for application to the Yucca Mountain repository
  9. Structural investigation of coprecipitation of technetium-99 with iron phases
  10. Synthesis, crystallographic characterization, and conformational prediction of a structurally unique molecular mixed-ligand U(VI) solid, Na6[UO2(O2)2(OH)2](OH)2·14H2O
  11. Thermodynamic study on the U(VI) complexation with dicarboxylates by calorimetry
  12. A cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopic study of uranyl carbonate, phosphate and oxyhydroxide minerals
  13. A spectroscopic study of the effect of ligand complexation on the reduction of uranium(VI) by anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH2DS)
  14. The relationship of monodentate and bidentate coordinated uranium(VI) sulfate in aqueous solution
  15. Hydrolysis constants of tetravalent neptunium by using solvent extraction method
  16. Leaching of a zirconolite ceramic waste-form under proton and He2+ irradiation
  17. Oxidative dissolution of Tc(IV)O2·nH2O colloids by sonolysis
  18. Technetium reduction and reoxidation behaviour in Dounreay soils
  19. Effects of hydrogen and bromide on the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel and γ-irradiated UO2(s) in NaCl brine
  20. Sorption of selenium on Mg-Al and Mg-Al-Eu layered double hydroxides
  21. Studies of the ternary systems humic substances – kaolinite – Pu(III) and Pu(IV)
  22. Polarized EXAFS characterization of the sorption mechanism of yttrium on hectorite
  23. Measuring sorption coefficients and BET surface areas on intact drillcore and crushed granite samples
  24. Hydration and hydrolysys of Sm3+ and Eu3+ in a clay interlayer: a neutron diffraction study with isotopic substitution
  25. Sorption of neptunium onto goethite in the presence of humic acids with different hydroquinone group content
  26. The influence of carbonate complexation on lanthanide/actinide sorption on montmorillonite
  27. Sorption of radionuclides onto natural clay rocks
  28. The influence of natural organic matter on the speciation and solubility of Eu in Boom Clay porewater
  29. Sorption behavior of americium onto bentonite colloid
  30. Vertical distribution of 238Pu, 239(40)Pu, 241Am, 90Sr and 137Cs in Austrian soil profiles
  31. Pu(V) reduction and enhancement of particle-water partitioning by exopolymeric substances
  32. Laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study on diffusion of uranium into cement materials
  33. Binding of Pu(IV) to galacturonic acid and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Shewanella putrefaciens, Clostridium sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens
https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2008.1552
Keywords for this article
Sorption; Electromigration; Crystalline rock; Granite; BET-surface area

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Preface
  2. Discrepancies in thorium oxide solubility values: a new experimental approach to improve understanding of oxide surface at solid/solution interface
  3. Modeling plutonium solubility for Yucca Mountain performance assessment
  4. Uranium/technetium separation for the UREX process – synthesis and characterization of solid reprocessing forms
  5. UO2 dissolution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH>11
  6. Solubility of Zr(IV), Th(IV) and Pu(IV) hydrous oxides in CaCl2 solutions and the formation of ternary Ca-M(IV)-OH complexes
  7. A TRLFS study of Cm(III) hydroxide complexes in alkaline CaCl2 solutions
  8. Thermodynamic interpretation of neptunium coprecipitation in uranophane for application to the Yucca Mountain repository
  9. Structural investigation of coprecipitation of technetium-99 with iron phases
  10. Synthesis, crystallographic characterization, and conformational prediction of a structurally unique molecular mixed-ligand U(VI) solid, Na6[UO2(O2)2(OH)2](OH)2·14H2O
  11. Thermodynamic study on the U(VI) complexation with dicarboxylates by calorimetry
  12. A cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopic study of uranyl carbonate, phosphate and oxyhydroxide minerals
  13. A spectroscopic study of the effect of ligand complexation on the reduction of uranium(VI) by anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH2DS)
  14. The relationship of monodentate and bidentate coordinated uranium(VI) sulfate in aqueous solution
  15. Hydrolysis constants of tetravalent neptunium by using solvent extraction method
  16. Leaching of a zirconolite ceramic waste-form under proton and He2+ irradiation
  17. Oxidative dissolution of Tc(IV)O2·nH2O colloids by sonolysis
  18. Technetium reduction and reoxidation behaviour in Dounreay soils
  19. Effects of hydrogen and bromide on the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel and γ-irradiated UO2(s) in NaCl brine
  20. Sorption of selenium on Mg-Al and Mg-Al-Eu layered double hydroxides
  21. Studies of the ternary systems humic substances – kaolinite – Pu(III) and Pu(IV)
  22. Polarized EXAFS characterization of the sorption mechanism of yttrium on hectorite
  23. Measuring sorption coefficients and BET surface areas on intact drillcore and crushed granite samples
  24. Hydration and hydrolysys of Sm3+ and Eu3+ in a clay interlayer: a neutron diffraction study with isotopic substitution
  25. Sorption of neptunium onto goethite in the presence of humic acids with different hydroquinone group content
  26. The influence of carbonate complexation on lanthanide/actinide sorption on montmorillonite
  27. Sorption of radionuclides onto natural clay rocks
  28. The influence of natural organic matter on the speciation and solubility of Eu in Boom Clay porewater
  29. Sorption behavior of americium onto bentonite colloid
  30. Vertical distribution of 238Pu, 239(40)Pu, 241Am, 90Sr and 137Cs in Austrian soil profiles
  31. Pu(V) reduction and enhancement of particle-water partitioning by exopolymeric substances
  32. Laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study on diffusion of uranium into cement materials
  33. Binding of Pu(IV) to galacturonic acid and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Shewanella putrefaciens, Clostridium sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens
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