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Heterogeneous nanocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production: bench scale from waste oil sources

  • Iqra Shahid , Ayesha Siddique , Tasmia Nawaz , M. Bilal Tahir , Jawaria Fatima , Abid Hussain EMAIL logo , Jalil ur Rehman , Mohammed A. Assiri , Muhammad Imran , Meshal Alzaid and Hussein Alrobei
Published/Copyright: July 4, 2022
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie
From the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie Volume 236 Issue 10

Abstract

Biodiesel is a promising clean energy supply that can be made from sustainable and low-grade fuels using a variety of methods. Transesterification is one of the processes that can occur in the manifestation of an effective catalyst. The catalyst may be homogeneous or heterogeneous in nature. This article reviews on the formation of biodiesel from various sources of waste oils using heterogeneous nanocatalysts. The manufacture of biodiesel using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis had been extensively studied, and new heterogeneous catalysts are constantly being examined. In general, homogeneous catalysts are effective at remodeling biodiesel with low free fatty acid (FFA) and single-origin feedstock having water. Heterogeneous catalysts, instead have higher interest, a wider scope of selectivity, better FFA, and better water adaptability. These properties are regulated by the number and intensity of active basic or acid sites. In order to achieve a viable alternative to conventional homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel processing, heterogeneous catalysts made from waste and biocatalysts are needed. Nanocatalysts have recently attracted interest due to their high catalytic performance under favorable operating conditions. This review evaluates the usage of heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel from different sources of waste oil and the factors effecting the process of biodiesel production.

Keywords: biodiesel; heterogeneous nanocatalyst; transestrification; waste oil
Corresponding author: Abid Hussain, Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, E-mail:

Funding source: King Khalid University

Award Identifier / Grant number: R.G.P.2/170/43

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: M. A. Assiri appreciates the support of the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) at King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia, through grant KKU/RCAMS/22.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: It is hereby declared that there is no conflict of interest among the authors in submission of the manuscript.

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Received: 2021-11-10
Accepted: 2022-06-09
Published Online: 2022-07-04
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2021-3160
Keywords for this article
biodiesel; heterogeneous nanocatalyst; transestrification; waste oil

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