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Unrevealing the potential of fibrous biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review

  • Sachin S. Mali ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Dipak S. Thorat EMAIL logo , Anil Kumar Singh , Prajakta R. Patil , Snehal S. Patil ORCID logo , Akshay Kundale , Yogesh V. Ushir , Durgacharan A. Bhagwat , Sheeba Shafi and Sudarshan Singh ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 15, 2025
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Fibrous biomaterials have showed considerable potential in cartilage tissue engineering due to their ability to imitate the structure and characteristics of the original extracellular matrix. Sustainable biomaterials such as chitosan, silk fibroin, and collagen can be produced into a variety of shapes, including hydrogels, scaffolds, and electrospun nanofibers, to develop an optimal milieu for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and cartilage matrix deposition. In recent years, various studies showed that biomaterials-based fiber mats obtained through electrospinning as scaffolds exhibit remarkable chondrocyte growth support. These fiber mats promote high chondrocyte viability and cell proliferation, particularly when thin neutralized fibers are utilized. The biomimetic attributes of these biomaterials obtained from renewable resources such as plants, animals, and microbes have intrinsic benefits such as biocompatibility, microstructure resemblance to the original extracellular matrix, and adjustable mechanical properties. However, there are still hurdles in optimizing scaffold–cell interactions, controlled degradation, stress response, and flexibility for successful clinical translation. As a result, fibrous biomaterials exhibit significant potential for cartilage tissue engineering by promoting chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and cartilage matrix deposition. Nonetheless, additional study is required to solve the obstacles and optimize these materials for successful clinical applications.


Corresponding authors: Sachin S. Mali, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, 416 013, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: ; Dipak S. Thorat, SMBT College of Pharmacy, Dhamangaon, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422403, India, E-mail: ; and Sudarshan Singh, Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; and Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by CMU proactive Researcher Scheme (2023), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai for Sudarshan Singh.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2025-06-02
Accepted: 2025-08-09
Published Online: 2025-09-15

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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