Rom, der Tomus Leonis und das 6. Ökumenische Konzil (680/681)
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Heinz Ohme
Abstract
This article analyses the dyothelete and dyenergist Christology in the following texts: the Horos and the Logos Prosphonetikos of the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680/681), the epistle of pope Agatho, which became officially authorized as a teaching text, and the letter of the roman synod of the 125 bishops. The results of this analysis are compared with the Christology of the Lateran Council of 649 and the theology of Maximus the Confessor, upon which it is based. The council claims to define things in a way that complements and concludes the results of the council of Chalcedon (451) by designating the will and the capacity to act as properties of the ontological categories of φύσις/οὐσία and thus formulating the doctrine of the double willing and acting of Christ. In fact, the council draws on text of the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon but changes the order of priority of the texts (which were made authoritative in Chalcedon) of Cyril of Alexandria and Pope Leo I. so that the Tomus Leonis, which contains pointed statements that were controversial both during and after Chalcedon, becomes the hermeneutical key to the doctrine of two natures. Both natures become subjects of willing and acting and the meaning of the ὑπόστασις remains underdeveloped in comparison with that of φύσις and πρόσωπον. Thus the council neither comes to terms with the development of Leo’s thought nor with the Christology of the Lateran Councils nor with the Christology of Maximus. In fact, fundamental distinctions in the meaning of θέλημα and ἐνέργεια as well as of φύσις and ὑπόστασις have not been taken into consideration by the council in 681. Instead, the council remains with the initial ontological concepts due to its recourse to an ontologized Tomus Leonis. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that this is the first ecumenical council to establish the primacy of and infallibility of the Roman Pope. The final concern of this article is to ask how this development could come about.
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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- Vorankündigung: Eine unbekannte lateinische Übersetzung der Predigten des Pseudo-Makarios
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- Der Fall Jerusalem, Timiou Staurou 104 (12. Jh.):Eine Untersuchung zur Herkunft patristischerExzerpte in den Tetraevangelien
- Rezensionen
- Brent Nongbri: God’s Library: The Archeology of the Earliest Christian Manuscripts, New Haven (Yale University Press) 2018, XII + 403 S., ISBN 978-0-300-21541-0, $ 35,–.
- Éric Rebillard:Greek and Latin Narratives about the Ancient Martyrs, Oxford Early Christian Texts, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2017, 412 S., ISBN 978-0-19-873957-9, £ 132,50.
- Katharina Degen:Der Gemeinsinn der Märtyrer. Die Darstellung gemeinwohlorientierten Handelns in den frühchristlichen Martyriumsberichten, Potsdamer altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge 64, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2018, 347 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12153-8, € 54, –.
- Agnès Bastit und Joseph Verheyden, Hgg.:Irénée de Lyon et les débuts de la Bible chrétienne. Actes de la Journée du 1.VII. 2014 à Lyon, Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia 77, Turnhout (Brepols) 2017, 502 S., ISBN 978-2-503-57544-5, € 110,–.
- Anthony Briggman:God and Christ in Irenaeus, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2019, XIII + 233 S., ISBN 978-0-19-879256-7, £ 65,–.
- Irmgard Männlein-Robert, ed.:Die Christen als Bedrohung? Text, Kontext und Wirkung von Porphyrios, Roma Aeterna, Beiträge zu Spätantike und Frühmittelalter 5, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner) 2017, 348 pp., ISBN 978-3-515-11537-7, € 56,–.
- Mark S. Smith: The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018, XIII + 256 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-883527-1, £ 65,–.
- Michal Bar-Asher Siegal:Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2019, VII + 228 S., ISBN 978-1-107-19536-3, £ 75,–.
- Jesse A. Hoover:The Donatist Church in an Apocalyptic Age, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018, 264 pp., ISBN 978-0-1988-2551-7, £ 70,–.
- Tim Denecker:Ideas on Language in Early Latin Christianity: From Tertullian to Isidore of Seville, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 142, Leiden (Brill) 2017, XV + 497 S., ISBN 978-90-04-34987-2, € 25,– / $ 30, –.
- Pascal H.E. Bertrand und Lois Gandt, Hgg.:Vitae Antonii Versiones latinae. Vita beati Antonii abbatis Euagrio interprete. Versio uetustissima, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 170, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018, CCXLII + 363 S., ISBN 978-2-503-57748-7, € 335,–.
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelseiten
- Vorankündigung: Eine unbekannte lateinische Übersetzung der Predigten des Pseudo-Makarios
- Artikel
- Porphyry, Steuco and the Journey of Oracles betweenSymphony and Conflict
- Fighting in Verses: Behind the Scenes of Gregory of Nazianzus’Carmen 2,1,39
- Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria
- Rom, der Tomus Leonis und das 6. Ökumenische Konzil (680/681)
- Der Fall Jerusalem, Timiou Staurou 104 (12. Jh.):Eine Untersuchung zur Herkunft patristischerExzerpte in den Tetraevangelien
- Rezensionen
- Brent Nongbri: God’s Library: The Archeology of the Earliest Christian Manuscripts, New Haven (Yale University Press) 2018, XII + 403 S., ISBN 978-0-300-21541-0, $ 35,–.
- Éric Rebillard:Greek and Latin Narratives about the Ancient Martyrs, Oxford Early Christian Texts, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2017, 412 S., ISBN 978-0-19-873957-9, £ 132,50.
- Katharina Degen:Der Gemeinsinn der Märtyrer. Die Darstellung gemeinwohlorientierten Handelns in den frühchristlichen Martyriumsberichten, Potsdamer altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge 64, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2018, 347 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12153-8, € 54, –.
- Agnès Bastit und Joseph Verheyden, Hgg.:Irénée de Lyon et les débuts de la Bible chrétienne. Actes de la Journée du 1.VII. 2014 à Lyon, Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia 77, Turnhout (Brepols) 2017, 502 S., ISBN 978-2-503-57544-5, € 110,–.
- Anthony Briggman:God and Christ in Irenaeus, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2019, XIII + 233 S., ISBN 978-0-19-879256-7, £ 65,–.
- Irmgard Männlein-Robert, ed.:Die Christen als Bedrohung? Text, Kontext und Wirkung von Porphyrios, Roma Aeterna, Beiträge zu Spätantike und Frühmittelalter 5, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner) 2017, 348 pp., ISBN 978-3-515-11537-7, € 56,–.
- Mark S. Smith: The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018, XIII + 256 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-883527-1, £ 65,–.
- Michal Bar-Asher Siegal:Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press) 2019, VII + 228 S., ISBN 978-1-107-19536-3, £ 75,–.
- Jesse A. Hoover:The Donatist Church in an Apocalyptic Age, Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018, 264 pp., ISBN 978-0-1988-2551-7, £ 70,–.
- Tim Denecker:Ideas on Language in Early Latin Christianity: From Tertullian to Isidore of Seville, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 142, Leiden (Brill) 2017, XV + 497 S., ISBN 978-90-04-34987-2, € 25,– / $ 30, –.
- Pascal H.E. Bertrand und Lois Gandt, Hgg.:Vitae Antonii Versiones latinae. Vita beati Antonii abbatis Euagrio interprete. Versio uetustissima, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 170, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018, CCXLII + 363 S., ISBN 978-2-503-57748-7, € 335,–.
