Antitrust & AI supply chains

Maurice E. Stucke; Ariel Ezrachi

doi:10.1515/til-2025-0007

Article

Antitrust & AI supply chains

Maurice E. Stucke and Ariel Ezrachi

Published/Copyright: July 23, 2025

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From the journal Theoretical Inquiries in Law Volume 26 Issue 1

Abstract

Will AI technology disrupt the current Big Tech Barons, foster competition, and ensure future disruptive innovation that improves our wellbeing? Or might the technology help a few ecosystems become even more powerful? To explore this issue, our Article outlines the current digital market dynamics that lead to winner-take-most-or-all ecosystems. After examining the emerging AI foundation model supply chain, we consider several potential antitrust risks that may arise should specific layers become concentrated and firms extend their power across layers. After raising several countervailing factors that might lessen or prevent these antitrust risks, we conclude with suggestions for the policy agenda to promote both healthy competition and innovation in the AI supply chain.

^* Douglas A. Blaze Distinguished Professor, University of Tennessee College of Law; founder, Konkurrenz law firm.

^** Slaughter and May Professor of Competition Law, The University of Oxford. Director, Oxford University Centre for Competition Law and Policy.

Published Online: 2025-07-23

Published in Print: 2025-06-26

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https://doi.org/10.1515/til-2025-0007