Home You, our shareholders: metadiscourse in CEO letters from Chinese and Western banks
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

You, our shareholders: metadiscourse in CEO letters from Chinese and Western banks

  • Ying Huang

    Ying Huang received his PhD from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and is currently Associate Professor at China University of Mining and Technology. His research interests are discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. He has published a book, Discourse as Social Representations in the Chinese Context: A Diachronic Study of the New Year’s Editorials in the People’s Daily (2011, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press).

    and Kate Rose

    Kate Rose holds a PhD in Comparative Literature from Université de Montpellier, France, and a BA in International Studies from Boston College. She has published two books of literary criticism, and is Professor at the School of Foreign Studies, China University of Mining and Technology.

    EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 27, 2018

Abstract

As China internationalizes its own banks more and more, and the Chinese are an expanding market in Western banks, the linguistic specificities of communication strategies may be understood and applied in the professional environments of banks. The present comparison is based on the key features of metadiscourse markers in the Chinese English-version CEO letters and the Western English-version CEO letters in banking annual reports. Metadiscourse in business genres is an under-represented topic, particularly across cultures; this study invites further inquiry. This paper applies corpus-based contrastive analysis to CEO letters in English from Chinese and Western banks. Comparing distribution patterns of metadiscourse markers, we found that both interactive and interactional metadiscourse was more frequently used in the Western letters. This suggests that Western CEO letters tend to use more credibility and affective appeals, while Chinese CEO letters are based more on rational appeals. Variation in use of metadiscourse is discussed with a focus on the interplay of linguistic and cultural features. This study contributes to the fields of Chinese English professional written communication, and cross-cultural writing in workplaces.

About the authors

Ying Huang

Ying Huang received his PhD from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and is currently Associate Professor at China University of Mining and Technology. His research interests are discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. He has published a book, Discourse as Social Representations in the Chinese Context: A Diachronic Study of the New Year’s Editorials in the People’s Daily (2011, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press).

Kate Rose

Kate Rose holds a PhD in Comparative Literature from Université de Montpellier, France, and a BA in International Studies from Boston College. She has published two books of literary criticism, and is Professor at the School of Foreign Studies, China University of Mining and Technology.

Acknowledgments

The paper is financially supported by a Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund of the Ministry of Education, P. R. China (No. 15YJA740067) and by a Social Sciences Research Fund of China University of Mining and Technology (No. JGW111943). We would like to thank Professor Wei Ren at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies for his constructive suggestions during the revision process of the paper. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their kind and valuable comments. All remaining errors are our own.

References

Ädel, Annelie. 2006. Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/scl.24Search in Google Scholar

Ädel, Annelie. 2008. Metadiscourse across three varieties of English: American, British, and advanced learner English. In Ulla Connor, Ed Nagelhout & William Rozycki (eds.), Contrastive rhetoric: Reaching to intercultural rhetoric, 45–62. Amsterdam/London: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.169.06adeSearch in Google Scholar

Cai, Guanjun. 1993. Beyond bad writing: Teaching English composition to Chinese ESL students. Paper presented at the College Composition and Communication Conference, San Diego, CA.Search in Google Scholar

Calkins, Jonathan. 2013. Banking abroad: The globalization of Chinese banks. http://knowledge.ckgsb.edu.cn/2013/03/28/china/banking-abroad-the-globalization-of-chinese-banks/ (accessed 1 January 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Cao, Feng & Guangwei Hu. 2014. Interactive metadiscourse in research articles: A comparative study of paradigmatic and disciplinary influences. Journal of Pragmatics 66. 15–31.10.1016/j.pragma.2014.02.007Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, Winnie, Chris Greaves & Martin Warren. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11. 411–433.10.1075/ijcl.11.4.04cheSearch in Google Scholar

Connor, Ulla. 1996. Contrastive rhetoric: Cross-cultural aspects of second-language writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139524599Search in Google Scholar

Crismore, Avon, Raija Markkanen & Margaret S. Steffensen. 1993. Metadiscourse in persuasive writing: A study of texts by Ameirican and Finnish university students. Written Communication 10. 39–71.10.1177/0741088393010001002Search in Google Scholar

Dafouz-Milne, Emma. 2008. The pragmatic role of textual and interpersonal metadiscourse markers in the construction and attainment of persuasion: A cross-linguistic study of newspaper discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 40. 95–113.10.1016/j.pragma.2007.10.003Search in Google Scholar

De Groot, Elizabeth. 2008. English annual reports in Europe: A study on the identification and reception of genre characteristics in multimodal annual reports originating in the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom. Utrecht: LOT.Search in Google Scholar

De Souza, Ladjane Maria Farias. 2013. Interlingual re-instantiation: A new systemic functional perspective on translation. Text&Talk 33(4–5). 575–594.10.1515/text-2013-0026Search in Google Scholar

Fawcett, Peter. 1997. Translation and language: Linguistic theories explained. Manchester: St. Jerome.Search in Google Scholar

Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro, Marisol Velasco-Sacristán, Ascensión Arribas-Baño & Eva Samaniego-Fernández. 2001. Persuasion and advertising English: Metadiscourse in slogans and headlines. Journal of Pragmatics 33. 1291–1307.10.1016/S0378-2166(01)80026-6Search in Google Scholar

Gillaerts, Paul & Freek Van de Velde. 2011. Metadiscourse on the move: The CEO letter revisited. In Giuliana Garzone & Maurizio Gotti (eds.), Discourse, communication and the enterprise: Genres and trends, 151–168. Bern: Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1985. An introduction to functional grammar. London: Edward Arnold.Search in Google Scholar

Hatim, Basil & Ian Mason. 1990. Discourse and the translator. New York: Lonman.Search in Google Scholar

Hinds, John. 2001. Reader-writer responsibility. In Tony J. Silva & Paul Kei Matsuda (eds.), Landmark essays on ESL writing, 63–74. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Search in Google Scholar

Hinkel, Eli. 2002. Second language writers’ text: Linguistic and rhetorical features. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.10.4324/9781410602848Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 1998a. Exploring corporate rhetoric: Metadiscourse in the CEO letter. The Journal of Business Communication 35. 224–245.10.1177/002194369803500203Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 1998b. Persuasion and context: The pragmatics of academic metadiscourse. Journal of Pragmatics 30. 437–455.10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00009-5Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 1999. Talking to students: Metadiscourse in introductory coursebooks. English for Specific Purposes 18. 3–26.10.1016/S0889-4906(97)00025-2Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2000. Disciplinary discourses: Social interactions in academic writing. London: Longman.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2001a. Bring in the reader: Addressee features in academic articles. Written Communication 18. 549–574.10.1177/0741088301018004005Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2001b. Humble servants of the discipline? Self mention in research articles. English for Specific Purposes 20. 207–226.10.1016/S0889-4906(00)00012-0Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2004. Disciplinary ineractions: Metadiscourse in L2 postgraduate writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 13. 133–151.10.1016/j.jslw.2004.02.001Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2005. Metadiscourse: Exploring interaction in writing. London: Continuum.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken & Polly Tse. 2004. Metadiscourse in academic writing: A reappraisal. Applied Linguistics 25(2). 156–177.10.1093/applin/25.2.156Search in Google Scholar

Intaraprawat, Intaraprawat & Margaret S. Steffensen. 1995. The use of metadiscourse in good and poor ESL essays. Journal of Second Language Writing 4. 253–272.10.1016/1060-3743(95)90012-8Search in Google Scholar

Junge, Svenja. 2011. Corporate rhetoric in English and Japanese business reports. In Svenja Kranich, Viktor Becher & Steffen Höder (eds.), Multilingual discourse production: Diachronic and synchronic perspectives, 209–232. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/hsm.12.10junSearch in Google Scholar

Kuo, Chih-Hua. 1999. The use of personal pronouns: Role relationships in scientific journal articles. English for Specific Purposes 18. 121–138.10.1016/S0889-4906(97)00058-6Search in Google Scholar

Lewin, Beverly. 2005. Hedging: An exploratory study of authors’ and readers’ identification of ‘toning down’ in scientific texts. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 4. 163–178.10.1016/j.jeap.2004.08.001Search in Google Scholar

Lewin, Beverly & Hadara Perpignan. 2012. Recruiting the reader in literary criticism. Text & Talk 32(6). 751–772.10.1515/text-2012-0035Search in Google Scholar

Martin, James & Peter White. 2005. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York: Palgrave.10.1057/9780230511910Search in Google Scholar

Mauranen, Anna. 1993. Contrastive ESP rhetoric: Metatext in Finnish-English economics texts. English for Specific Purposes 12. 3–22.10.1016/0889-4906(93)90024-ISearch in Google Scholar

Moreno, Ana. 1997. Genre constraints across languages: Causal metatext in Spanish and English RAs. English for Specific Purposes 16. 161–179.10.1016/S0889-4906(96)00023-3Search in Google Scholar

Mu, Congjun. 2010. A contrastive analysis of metadiscourse in Chinese and English editorials (Originally in Chinese). Foreign Language Learning Theory and Practice 4. 35–43.Search in Google Scholar

Mur Dueñas, Pilar. 2009. Logical markers in L1 (Spanish and English) and L2 (English) Business research articles. English Text Construction 2(2). 246–264.10.1075/etc.2.2.07murSearch in Google Scholar

Nickerson, Catherine. & Elizabeth De Groot. 2005. Dear shareholder, dear stockholder, dear stakeholder: The business letter genre in the annual general report. In Paul Gillaerts & Maurizio Gotti (eds.), Genre variation in business letters, 325–346. Bern: Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar

Ohta, Amy Snyder. 1991. Evidentiality and politeness in Japanese. Issues in Applied Linguistics 2(2). 183–210.10.5070/L422005143Search in Google Scholar

Pearce, Michael. 2005. Informalization in UK party election broadcasts 1966–97. Language and Literature 14(1). 65–90.10.1177/0963947005046285Search in Google Scholar

Scollon, Ron. 1994. As a matter of fact: The changing ideology of authorship and responsibility in discourse. World Englishes 13(1). 33–46.10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00281.xSearch in Google Scholar

Swales, John. 1990. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Tang, Ramona & Suganthi John. 1999. The ‘I’ in identity: Exploring writer identity in student academic writing through the first person pronoun. English for Specific Purposes 18. S23–S39.10.1016/S0889-4906(99)00009-5Search in Google Scholar

Toury, Gideon. 2012. Descriptive translation studies and – Beyond. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/btl.100Search in Google Scholar

Vande Kopple, William. 1985. Some exploratory discourse on metadiscourse. College Composition and Communication 36(1). 82–93.10.2307/357609Search in Google Scholar

Williams, Joseph. 1981. Style: Ten lessons in clarity and grace. Glenview: Scott, Foresman.Search in Google Scholar

Xu, Hongliang. 2007. A corpus-based study of authorial stance markers in academic research discourse by Chinese advanced EFL writers. Hefei: University of Technology Press.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, Liying. 2013. Exploring linguistic and cultural variations in the use of hedges in English and Chinese scientific discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 50. 23–36.10.1016/j.pragma.2013.01.008Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, Yunxia. 2005. Written communication across cultures: A sociocognitive perspective on business genres. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.141Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2018-2-27
Published in Print: 2018-2-23

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 28.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/text-2017-0041/html
Scroll to top button