Impedance analysis of porous electrode structures in batteries and fuel cells
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André Weber
André Weber is working as senior scientist (Akademischer Oberrat) at the Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-WET) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. Actually he is heading two groups related to fuel cells and & electrolyzer and battery research. His research is related to the electrical testing and modeling of fuel cells, electrolyzers and batteries, with a special emphasis on the detailed electrochemical characterization by means of impedance spectroscopy. The experimental and theoretical work of his research groups ranges from fundamental studies on model systems to the analysis of commercial products, aiming at a model based understanding of the complex coupling of electrochemical reactions and transport mechanisms within electrochemical devices. He has co-authored several book chapters, and more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers on scientific topics related to fuel cells and batteries (
https://scholar.google.de/citations?hl=de&user=IGECnVQAAAAJ ). Web:http://www.iam.kit.edu/wet/english/mitarbeiter_andre_weber.php .
Abstract
Today technical electrodes in batteries and fuel cells rely on complex multiphase microstructures that facilitate electronic, ionic and, in case of fuel cells, diffusive gas transport to the active reaction sites distributed in the electrode volume. The impedance of such electrodes can be described by the well-established transmission line model (TLM) approach. In a TLM, transport, charge transfer phenomena and capacitive effects are coupled considering microstructural features of the electrode. Its application for impedance data analysis of technical cells is challenging as the TLM impedance extends over a wide frequency range and quite often a strong overlapping with other contributions takes place.
In this paper the application of the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) to the analysis of technical electrodes in batteries and fuel cells is elucidated. Different examples how to apply the DRT to analyze impedance spectra of solid oxide-, polymer electrolyte- and lithium ion-cells will be discussed. It will be shown that the TLM is usually represented by multiple peaks in the DRT, which might be strongly affected if contributions of different electrode layers overlap in the spectra. Related error sources and countermeasures are illustrated. Approaches how the DRT can be applied for the analysis of measured spectra and how it is able to support CNLS-fitting are presented.
Zusammenfassung
Technische Elektroden in Batterien und Brennstoffzellen beruhen auf komplexen mehrphasigen Mikrostrukturen, die elektronischen, ionischen und Gasphasen-Transport zu den im Elektrodenvolumen verteilten aktiven Reaktionszonen realisieren. Die Impedanz solcher Elektroden kann mit Kettenleitermodellen beschrieben werden. In diesen werden Transportprozesse, Ladungstransferphänomene und kapazitive Effekte unter Berücksichtigung mikrostruktureller Eigenschaften der Elektrode gekoppelt. Ihre Anwendung in der Impedanzanalyse technischer Zellen ist anspruchsvoll, da sich die Kettenleiterimpedanzen über einen weiten Frequenzbereich erstrecken und häufig starke Überlappungen der Impedanzen unterschiedlicher Prozesse in der Zelle vorliegen.
In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung der Verteilungsfunktion der Relaxationszeiten (DRT: Distribution of Relaxation Times) in der Analyse technischer Elektroden in Batterien und Brennstoffzellen beleuchtet. Es werden verschiedene Beispiele für die Einsatz der DRT zur Entfaltung der Impedanzspektren von Festoxid-, Polymerelektrolyt- und Lithium-Ionen-Zellen diskutiert. Die Beispiele zeigen, dass die DRT der Impedanz poröser Elektrodenstrukturen häufig mehrere Peaks aufweist, die durch Überlagerung der Beiträge verschiedener Elektrodenschichten beeinflusst werden. Daraus resultierende Fehlerquellen, mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen und Ansätze, wie die DRT für die Analyse gemessener Spektren und den CNLS-Fit von Impedanzdaten eingesetzt werden kann, werden vorgestellt.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: 281041241/GRK2218
Funding source: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Award Identifier / Grant number: 03SF0494F
Funding source: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie
Award Identifier / Grant number: 03ET6101B
Funding statement: The financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft throughout the project 281041241/GRK2218 “SiMET”, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF throughout the project 03SF0494F “SOFC Degradation”, the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie BMWi throughout the projects 03ET6101B “KerSOLife100” and 03ETB005E “KOSOS”, the Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG throughout the PhD-project “Modelling of PEM Fuel Cells” and the Friedrich und Elisabeth Boysen-Stiftung throughout the project BOY121 “Determination of charge transfer parameters in lithium ion batteries” is gratefully acknowledged.
About the author
André Weber is working as senior scientist (Akademischer Oberrat) at the Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-WET) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. Actually he is heading two groups related to fuel cells and & electrolyzer and battery research. His research is related to the electrical testing and modeling of fuel cells, electrolyzers and batteries, with a special emphasis on the detailed electrochemical characterization by means of impedance spectroscopy. The experimental and theoretical work of his research groups ranges from fundamental studies on model systems to the analysis of commercial products, aiming at a model based understanding of the complex coupling of electrochemical reactions and transport mechanisms within electrochemical devices. He has co-authored several book chapters, and more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers on scientific topics related to fuel cells and batteries (https://scholar.google.de/citations?hl=de&user=IGECnVQAAAAJ). Web: http://www.iam.kit.edu/wet/english/mitarbeiter_andre_weber.php.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- 10.1515/teme-2021-frontmatter1
- Beiträge
- Impedance analysis of porous electrode structures in batteries and fuel cells
- Review Article
- Selected Magnetic Resonance applications for non-destructive material testing
- Beiträge
- Elektrische Kapazitätstomografie mit phantomabhängiger Adaptivität
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Articles in the same Issue
- 10.1515/teme-2021-frontmatter1
- Beiträge
- Impedance analysis of porous electrode structures in batteries and fuel cells
- Review Article
- Selected Magnetic Resonance applications for non-destructive material testing
- Beiträge
- Elektrische Kapazitätstomografie mit phantomabhängiger Adaptivität
- Merging two spectra from compact spectrometers with different detector technologies
- Detection of broken rotor bars of induction motors based on the combination of Hilbert envelope analysis and Shannon entropy
