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State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2

  • Gerd Bramerdorfer received the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering from Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria, in 2014. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz. His current research interests include the design, modeling, and optimization of electric machines as well as magnetic bearings and bearingless machines. Dr. Bramerdorfer is a Senior Member of the IEEE (2018), the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, the IEEE Industry Applications Society, and the IEEE Magnetics Society. He serves for the scientific community as a Guest Editor, a Track Chair, a Topic Chair, and by organizing special sessions. He is a reviewer for international journals and conferences. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

     EMAIL logo     ,

    Martin Kitzberger was born in Linz, Austria, in 1990. He received the Dipl.-Ing degree in Mechatronics in 2016 and is engaged as a scientific researcher at the Institute for Electrical Drives and Power Electronics of Johannes Kepler University Linz since then. His field of research includes electrical drives and power electronics, magnetic material characterization and material modeling.

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    Daniel Wöckinger was born in Linz, Austria in 1991. He received his master degree in mechatronics at the University of Linz, Austria in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph. D. degree at JKU. Since 2017 he has been with the Institute of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz. His research interests include magnetic measuring systems, eddy current testing and modeling of electromagnetic materials.

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    Branko Koprivica received the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering from University of Kragujevac, Serbia, in 2015. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Cacak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia. His current research interests include numerical methods in electromagnetics, magnetism and magnetic measurements, metrology of electrical and non-electrical quantities, sensors and remote experiments.

     ORCID logo     und

    Stan Zurek graduated at Czestochowa University of Technology, and completed his PhD degree at Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, UK in 2005, where he continued to work as a Research Associate. In 2008 he joined Megger Instruments Ltd where he currently holds the position of Head of Research & Innovation, being responsible for all aspects of electromagnetics and new technologies. He was elevated to IEEE Senior Member in 2010. He is an author and co-author of over 60 publications, and holds 5 patents. Recently he published a comprehensive book on measurements of rotational power loss: “Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation”.
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 21. August 2019
tm - Technisches Messen
Aus der Zeitschrift tm - Technisches Messen Band 86 Heft 10

Abstract

The first part of this two-part article is about a retrospective view of material characterization, starting with the work of J. Epstein around the year 1900 and respective basic explanations. Consequently, the work presented herein is about the current state-of-the-art, recent developments, and future trends in characterization of ferromagnetic materials. Modeling is in fact a type of characterization, in a phenomenological and mathematical sense, and therefore it is treated with due attention in this article. Quantifying the properties of soft magnetic materials retains significant scientific attention. Thanks to new optimization techniques and advances in numerical evaluation, modern electromagnetic devices feature high utilization. Classical models exhibit assumptions that do not allow modern machine or device characterization with high accuracy. In this manuscript, typically applied techniques and recent incremental improvements, as well as newly developed models are introduced and discussed. Moreover, the significant impact of manufacturing on the materials’ characteristics and its quantification is illustrated. Within this article, a broad overview of the state-of-the-art as well as recent advances and future trends in soft magnetic material characterization is presented. Thus, it is a valuable reading for beginners and experts, from academia and industry alike.

Zusammenfassung

Der erste Teil dieses zweiteiligen Artikels handelt von den anfänglichen Werken von J. Epstein um 1900 und einleitenden Erklärungen zu gängigen Messvorrichtungen. Darauf aufbauend werden hier neueste Entwicklungen und zukünftige Trends im Bereich der Materialcharakterisierung präsentiert. Die Quantifizierung der Eigenschaften weichmagnetischer Materialien erfuhr in letzter Zeit eine gesteigerte Bedeutung. Aufgrund neuer Optimierungstechniken und Fortschritten im Bereich numerischer Verfahren, werden heutzutage höchsteffiziente elektromagnetische Apparate entwickelt. Klassische Modellierungsverfahren wurden auf der Basis von grundlegenden Annahmen, wie sinusförmigen Flussdichteverläufen, entwickelt. Diese Annahmen sind heutzutage nicht mehr im vollen Umfang zutreffend, weshalb eine genaue Bewertung der Effizienz und Qualität elektrischer Maschinen oder Aktuatoren nicht mehr möglich ist. Dieser Artikel behandelt typische Modellierungsverfahren, aktuelle Verbesserungsansätze von etablierten Modellen und auch von Grund auf neu entwickelte Techniken. Überdies wird der signifikante Einfluss der Materialbearbeitung auf die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften und folglich auf die Performanz von Aktuatoren und elektrischen Maschinen thematisiert. Jüngste Anstrengungen zu dessen Berücksichtigung im Entwurfsprozess werden aufgezeigt. Zusammenfassend gibt dieser Artikel einen profunden Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Technik, sowie jüngste Verbesserungen und zukünftige Trends in der Charakterisierung weichmagnetischer Materialien. Er ist daher sowohl für Neueinsteiger, als auch für Experten, sowie für Personen aus der akademischen Forschung, aber auch für Ingenieure aus der industriellen Praxis wertvoll.

Keywords: Iron losses; soft magnetic materials; ferromagnetic materials; initial magnetization curve; eddy current; hysteresis; degradation; manufacturing impact
Schlagwörter: Eisenverluste; weichmagnetische Materialien; Neukurve; Wirbelströme; Hysterese; Materialschädigung; Herstellungseinflüsse

Funding statement: This work has been supported by the COMET-K2 “Center for Symbiotic Mechatronics” of the Linz Center of Mechatronics (LCM) funded by the Austrian federal government and the federal state of Upper Austria.

About the authors

Gerd Bramerdorfer

Gerd Bramerdorfer received the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering from Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria, in 2014. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz. His current research interests include the design, modeling, and optimization of electric machines as well as magnetic bearings and bearingless machines. Dr. Bramerdorfer is a Senior Member of the IEEE (2018), the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, the IEEE Industry Applications Society, and the IEEE Magnetics Society. He serves for the scientific community as a Guest Editor, a Track Chair, a Topic Chair, and by organizing special sessions. He is a reviewer for international journals and conferences. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

Martin Kitzberger

Martin Kitzberger was born in Linz, Austria, in 1990. He received the Dipl.-Ing degree in Mechatronics in 2016 and is engaged as a scientific researcher at the Institute for Electrical Drives and Power Electronics of Johannes Kepler University Linz since then. His field of research includes electrical drives and power electronics, magnetic material characterization and material modeling.

Daniel Wöckinger

Daniel Wöckinger was born in Linz, Austria in 1991. He received his master degree in mechatronics at the University of Linz, Austria in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph. D. degree at JKU. Since 2017 he has been with the Institute of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz. His research interests include magnetic measuring systems, eddy current testing and modeling of electromagnetic materials.

Branko Koprivica

Branko Koprivica received the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering from University of Kragujevac, Serbia, in 2015. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Cacak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia. His current research interests include numerical methods in electromagnetics, magnetism and magnetic measurements, metrology of electrical and non-electrical quantities, sensors and remote experiments.

Stan Zurek

Stan Zurek graduated at Czestochowa University of Technology, and completed his PhD degree at Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, UK in 2005, where he continued to work as a Research Associate. In 2008 he joined Megger Instruments Ltd where he currently holds the position of Head of Research & Innovation, being responsible for all aspects of electromagnetics and new technologies. He was elevated to IEEE Senior Member in 2010. He is an author and co-author of over 60 publications, and holds 5 patents. Recently he published a comprehensive book on measurements of rotational power loss: “Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation”.

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Received: 2019-04-30
Accepted: 2019-06-23
Published Online: 2019-08-21
Published in Print: 2019-10-25

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Trends in der Magnetmesstechnik
  4. Beiträge
  5. State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 1
  6. State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2
  7. Novel and efficient simulation approach for effective permeabilities of randomly ordered two-phase compounds
  8. Potential und Einschränkungen der Messung magnetischer Mikrostrukturen mit einem Faraday-Magnetometer
  9. Contactless measurement of electric current using magnetic sensors
  10. Accurate 3-axis measurement of inhomogeneous magnetic fields
  11. Anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for control of additive manufacturing machines
https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0066
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Iron losses; soft magnetic materials; ferromagnetic materials; initial magnetization curve; eddy current; hysteresis; degradation; manufacturing impact

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Trends in der Magnetmesstechnik
  4. Beiträge
  5. State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 1
  6. State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2
  7. Novel and efficient simulation approach for effective permeabilities of randomly ordered two-phase compounds
  8. Potential und Einschränkungen der Messung magnetischer Mikrostrukturen mit einem Faraday-Magnetometer
  9. Contactless measurement of electric current using magnetic sensors
  10. Accurate 3-axis measurement of inhomogeneous magnetic fields
  11. Anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for control of additive manufacturing machines
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