The Net Neutrality Debate is Outdated: Time for a New Wider View

References

Amazon Press Release. 2019. “AWS and Verizon Team up to Deliver 5G Edge Cloud Computing.” Also available at https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aws-and-verizon-team-deliver-5g-edge-cloud-computing.Search in Google Scholar

AT&T Corp., and Iowa Utilities BD. 1999. Opinion of Breyer. J. (Breyer Dissent). Also available at https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/97-826.ZX2.html.Search in Google Scholar

Bell, K. 2019. App Store Made Almost Twice as Much as Google Play in 2018. Cult of Mac. Also available at https://www.cultofmac.com/601492/app-store-google-play-revenue-2018/.Search in Google Scholar

BEREC. 2016. Report on OTT Services. Also available at https://berec.europa.eu/eng/document_register/subject_matter/berec/reports/5751-berec-report-on-ott-services.Search in Google Scholar

Brogan, P. 2018. USTelecom Industry Metrics and Market Trends 2018. March 1, 2018. Also available at file:///C:/Users/vglass.BUSINESS/Downloads/USTelecom-Industry-Metrics-and-Trends-2018.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Claffy, K.C., and D. Clark. 2014. “Platform Models for Sustainable Internet Regulation.” Journal of Information Policy 4 (2014): 463–88. Also available at file:///C:/Users/vglass.BUSINESS/Documents/Documents/rbr/rbr/Net%20Neutrality/RNE/Claffy%20and%20Clark%20jinfopoli.4.2014.0463.pdf.10.5325/jinfopoli.4.2014.463Search in Google Scholar

Communications Act of 1934 as Amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (‘96 Act). March 1996. Also available at https://transition.fcc.gov/Reports/tcom1996.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council Inc., 468 U.S. 837. 1984.Search in Google Scholar

Crandall, R. W., and J.A. Hausman. 2000. “Competition in U.S. Telecommunications Services: Effects of the 1996 Legislation.” In Deregulation of Network Industries, What’s Next?, edited by S. Peltzman, and C. Winston. AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. 2000.Search in Google Scholar

Crémer, J., Y-A. de Montjoye, and H. Schweitzer. 2019. Competition Policy for the Digital Usingera, 48. European Union. Also available at https://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/reports/kd0419345enn.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Digital Platforms Inquiry. June 2019. Final Report. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Also available at https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/digital-platforms-inquiry-final-report.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communication Commission News. 1999. FCC Adopts Order Addressing Dial-Up Internet Traffic. (Dial-UP Order) Docket Nos. 96–98, 99–68. February 25, 1999. Also available at https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Common_Carrier/News_Releases/1999/nrcc9014.html.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. “Consumer Guide (FCC Consumer Guide), Regulation of Cable TV Rates.” Also available athttps://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/regulation_of_cable_tv_rates.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2000. FCC 00-193, In The Matter of Access Charge Reform, Price Cap Performance Review for Local Exchange Carriers, Low-Volume Long Distance Users Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service (Calls Order), Sixth Report and Order in Cc Docket Nos. 96-262 and 94-1 Report and Order in Cc Docket No. 99-249 Eleventh Report and Order in Cc Docket No. 96-45. Adopted: May 31, 2000. Released May 31, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2005. In the Matters of: Appropriate Framework for Broadband Access to the Internet over Wireline Facilities; Review of Regulatory Requirements for Incumbent LEC Broadband Telecommunications Services; Computer III Further Remand Proceedings: Bell Operating Company Provision of Enhanced Services; 1998 Biennial Regulatory Review – Review of Computer III and ONA Safeguards and Requirements; Inquiry Concerning High-Speed Access to the Internet over Cable and Other Facilities; Internet over Cable Declaratory Ruling; and Appropriate Regulatory Treatment for Broadband Access to the Internet over Cable Facilities [Policy Statement]. CC Docket No. 02-33; CC Docket No. 01-337; 15 CC Docket Nos. 95-20, 98-10; GN Docket No. 00-185; CS Docket No. 02-52. Adopted: August 5, 2005; 20 FCC Rcd at 14988. Also available at https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-05-151A1.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2008. In the Matters of Formal Complaint of Free Press and Public Knowledge Against Comcast Corporation for Secretly Degrading Peer-to-Peer Applications; File No. EB-08-IH-1518. Broadband Industry Practices Petition of Free Press et al. for Declaratory Ruling that Degrading an Internet Application Violates the FCC’s Internet Policy Statement and Does Not Meet an Exception for “Reasonable Network Management.” WC Docket No. 07-52. Memorandum Opinion and Order. Adopted: August 1, 2008. Released: August 20, 2008. Also available at https://www.fcc.gov/document/formal-complaint-free-press-and-public-knowledge-broadband-industry.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2010. In the Matter of Preserving the Open Internet Broadband Industry Practices. GN Docket No. 09-191; WC Docket No. 07-52 Report and Order. Adopted: December 21, 2010. Released: December 23, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission FCC 11-161. 2011. In the Matter of Connect America Fund; A National Broadband Plan for Our Future Establishing Just and Reasonable Rates for Local Exchange Carriers; High-Cost Universal Service Support; Developing an Unified Intercarrier Compensation Regime, Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service Lifeline and Link-Up, Universal Service Reform – Mobility Fund; (Bill and Keep Order) Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Adopted: October 27, 2011. Released: November 18, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2015. In the Matter of Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet. GN Docket No. 14-28 Report and Order on Remand, Declaratory Ruling, and Order Adopted. February 26, 2015. Released: March 12, 2015. Also available at file:///C:/Users/vglass.BUSINESS/Downloads/FCC-15-24A1%20(2).pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission FCC 17-166. 2018. Restoring Internet Freedom (FCC RIF), WC Docket No. 17-108, Declaratory Ruling, Report and Order, and Order. Adopted: December 14; 2017. Released: January 4, 2018. Also available at https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-restoring-internet-freedom-order.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2018. Petitions for Declaratory Ruling on Regulatory Status of Wireless Messaging Service (FCC WMS), WT Docket No. 087; Declaratory Ruling. Adopted December 12, 2018. Released December 13, 2018. Also available at https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-178A1.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Federal Communications Commission. 2020. Public Notice. Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks to Refresh Record in Restoring Internet Freedom and Lifeline Proceedings in Light of the D.C. Circuit’s Mozilla Decision WC Docket Nos. 17-108, 17-287, 11-42. Also available at https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-20-168A1.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Ford, G. S. 2019. “Net Neutrality and Investment in the US: A Review of Evidence from the 2018 Restoring Internet Freedom Order.” Review of Network Economics 2019 17 (3): 175–205. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2018-0043.Search in Google Scholar

Fortune 500. 2019. Also available at https://fortune.com/fortune500/.Search in Google Scholar

Frieden, R. 2003. “Adjusting the Horizontal and Vertical in Telecommunications Regulation: A Comparison of the Traditional and a New Layered Approach.” Federal Communications Law Journal 55 (2). Also available at https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj/vol55/iss2/3/.Search in Google Scholar

Glass, Victor. 2016. “The Internet as a Telecommunications Service: Framing the Legal Issues and Business Strategies.” Rutgers Business Review 1 (1). Fall 2016. Also available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3005394.Search in Google Scholar

Glass, V., and T. Tardiff. 2019. “A New Direction for the Net Neutrality Debate.” Telecommunications Policy 47: 199–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2018.05.002.Search in Google Scholar

Glass, V., E. Woychik, and E. Glass. 2019. “Software Defined Network Communications: The Likely Standard for Smart Grids.” The Electricity Journal 32 (9) November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2019.106639.Search in Google Scholar

Goransson, P., C. Black, and T. Culver. 2017. Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann, Elsevier.Search in Google Scholar

Greenstein, S. 2020. “The Basic Economics of Internet Infrastructure.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 34 (2): 192–214. Spring, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.2.192.Search in Google Scholar

Gurman, M. 2019. Apple Has a Secret Team Working on Satellites to Beam Data to Devices, Bloomberg. Also available at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-20/apple-has-top-secret-team-working-on-internet-satellites.Search in Google Scholar

Hazlett, T. W. 2003. “Is Federal Preemption Efficient in Cellular Phone Regulation.” Federal Communications Law Journal 56 (1). Article 5. Also available at https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj/vol56/iss1/5.Search in Google Scholar

Hu, Q. H., and C. D. Huang. 2006. “The Rise and Fall of the Competitive Local Exchange Carriers in the U.S.: An Institutional Perspective.” Information Systems Frontiers 8 (2006): 225–39, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-8781-1. Also available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Qing_Hu3/publication/220198768_The_rise_and_fall_of_the_competitive_local_exchange_carriers_in_the_US_An_institutional_perspective/links/5850612308aecb6bd8d212d0/The-rise-and-fall-of-the-competitive-local-exchange-carriers-in-the-US-An-institutional-perspective.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Jackson, B. 2020. Google Cloud vs. AWS in 2020 (Comparing Giants). Kinsta. Also available at https://kinsta.com/blog/google-cloud-vs-aws/.Search in Google Scholar

Jamison, M. A. 2019. “Net Neutrality Policies and Regulation in the United States.” Review of Network Economics 2019 17 (3): 151–73. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2018-0041.Search in Google Scholar

Jordan, S. 2019. “Broadband Internet Access Service Is a Telecommunications Service.” Federal Communications Law Journal (3). March 9, 2019, Also available at SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=3239632.Search in Google Scholar

Justia US Law. 2020. “United States v. American Tel. And Tel. Co., 552 F.” Supp. 131 (D.D.C. 1983). Also available at https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/552/131/1525975/.Search in Google Scholar

Karr, T. 2018. Net Neutrality Violations: A Brief History. Free Press. January 24, 2018. Also available at https://www.freepress.net/our-response/expert-analysis/explainers/net-neutrality-violations-brief-history.Search in Google Scholar

Khan, L. M. 2016. “Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox.” The Yale Law Journal 126. Also available at https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol126/iss3/3.Search in Google Scholar

Kline, K. J. 2019. State Responses to Net Neutrality. National Regulatory Research Institute. Also available at https://pubs.naruc.org/pub/45ACE3A2-AAEA-417D-2416-B6862C9D4435.Search in Google Scholar

Kramer, J., L. Wiewiorra, and C. Weinhardt. 2013. “Net Neutrality: A Progress Report.” Telecommunications Policy 37 (2013): 794–813, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2012.08.005.Search in Google Scholar

Krämer, J., and D. Schnurr. 2020. “A Unified Framework for Open Access Regulation of Telecommunications Infrastructure: Review of the Economic Literature and Policy Guidelines (December 1, 2014).” Telecommunications Policy 38 (11): 1160–79, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2240289, Also available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2240289.Search in Google Scholar

Kramer, J., and M. Wohlfarth. 2018. “Market Power, Regulatory Convergence, and the Role of Data in Digital Markets.” Telecommunications Policy 42 (2018): 154–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.10.004.Search in Google Scholar

Kurose, J., and K. Ross. 2012. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 6th ed. London, UK: Pearson Publishing.Search in Google Scholar

Layton, R. 2019. “Net Neutrality and Mobile App Innovation in Denmark and Netherlands 2010–2016.” Review of Network Economics 2019 17 (3): 207–24, https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2019-0012.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, E. 2018. Here is Why AT&T Decided to Buy Time Warner, According to CEO Randall Stephenson. Vox, Recode. Also available at https://www.vox.com/2018/5/30/17386028/why-att-buys-ceo-randall-stephenson-time-warner-deal-code-conference-interview.Search in Google Scholar

Lehr, W., D. Clark, S. Bauer, and K. C. Claffy. 2019. “Regulation when Platforms Are Layered.” In TPRC47: Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy. Also available at SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=3427499 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3427499.Search in Google Scholar

Lemley, M. A., and L. Lessig. 2000. “The End of End-To-End: Preserving the Architecture of the Internet in the Broadband Era.” (October 1, 2000) UCLA Law Review 48: 925. 2001. Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 207; UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 37. Also available at SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=247737 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.247737.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, M. 2003. RBOCs Gain Ground on Long-Distance, Networked World. January 6, 2003. Also available at https://www.networkworld.com/article/2339018/rbocs-gain-ground-on-long-distance.html.Search in Google Scholar

McCracken, H. 2011. A Brief History of the Rise and Fall of Telephone Competition in the U.S., 1982-2011. Technoligizer. March 20, 2011. Also available at https://www.technologizer.com/2011/03/20/att-buys-t-mobile/.Search in Google Scholar

Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ). 1982. (Archived Scan) in United States of America v. Western Electric Company, Incorporated, and American Telephone and Telegraph Company. United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Civil Action No. 82-0192, filed August 24, 1982. Also available at https://web.archive.org/web/20060830041121/http:/members.cox.net/hwilkerson/documents/AT%26T_Consent_Decree.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Mozilla Corporation, V. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America, Respondents City and county of San Francisco. 2019. No. 18-1051 consolidated with 18-1052, 18-1053, 18-1054, 18-1055, 18-1056, 18-1061, 18-1062, 18-1064, 18-1065, 18-1066, 18-1067, 18-1068, 18-1088, 18-1089, 18-1105. United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Argued February 1, 2019; Decided October 1, 2019. Also available at https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/FA43C305E2B9A35485258486004F6D0F/$file/18-1051-1808766.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

National Association of State Legislators. 2019. NCSL; Consumer Privacy Data Legislation. Also available at https://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/consumer-data-privacy.aspx.Search in Google Scholar

National Cable & Telecommunications Assn. v. Brand X Internet Services (04-277) 545 U.S. 967. 2005. 345 F.3d 1120, Reversed And Remanded.Search in Google Scholar

N. Carolina Utility Commission v. FCC 552 F.2d 1036. 4th Cir. 1977. Also available at https://casetext.com/case/north-carolina-utilities-comm-v-f-c-c.Search in Google Scholar

Oliver, J. 2014. “Net Neutrality. Last Week Tonight.” Also available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92vuuZt7wak.Search in Google Scholar

Peitz, M., and T. Valletti. 2015. “Reassessing Competition Concerns in Electronic Communications Markets.” Telecommunications Policy 39 (2015): 896–912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.012.Search in Google Scholar

Powell, M. K. 2004. “Chairman, Federal Communications Commission, Preserving Internet Freedom: Guiding Principles for the Industry.” In The Silicon Flatirons Symposium on “The Digital Broadband Migration: Toward a Regulatory Regime for the Internet Age. University of Colorado School of Law February 8, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

Reed, E. 2018. What is Net Neutrality and Why is it Important in 2019? TheStreet. Also available at https://www.thestreet.com/technology/what-is-net-neutrality-14816850.Search in Google Scholar

Restoring Internet Freedom: FCC-FTC Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 2017. Also available at https://www.ftc.gov/policy/cooperation-agreements/restoring-internet-freedom-fcc-ftc-memorandum-understanding.Search in Google Scholar

Rice, K. 2010. 60% Market Share and Piercing Vision Make Akamai Technologies A Tech Stock Survivor With Massive Potential, According To Industry Expert. TWST.com. Also available at https://www.twst.com/yagoo/KerryRiceInternetServicesTWO.html.Search in Google Scholar

Richards, P. How Does Telephone Service Work through a Cable Company. Itstillworks. Also available at https://itstillworks.com/phone-service-work-through-cable-company-12945.html.Search in Google Scholar

Schumpeter, J. 1947. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 3rd ed. NY: Harper Torch Books.Search in Google Scholar

Second Computer Inquiry, Amendment of Section 64.702 of the Commission’s Rules and Regulations (Second Computer Inquiry). Tentative Decision, 72, F.C.C.2d 358 (1979), Final Decision, 77 F.C.C.2d 384 (1980).Search in Google Scholar

Shapiro, C. 2018. Expert Report. United States of America (U.S.), Plaintiff, V. AT&T INC DIRECTV Group Holdings, LLC. Time Warner Inc., Defendants. (2017). Case 1:17-cv-02511.Search in Google Scholar

Stevenson, J. H. 2014. The Master Switch and the Hyper Giant: Google’s Infrastructure and Network Neutrality Strategy in the 2000s. Conference Paper. Also available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283018515_The_Master_Switch_and_the_Hyper_Giant_Google’s_Infrastructure_and_Network_Neutrality_Strategy_in_the_2000s.10.2139/ssrn.2418784Search in Google Scholar

Stuart, D. A. 2003. Competitive Local Exchange Carriers in the U.S. October 2003, Gartner Group. Also available at https://www.bus.umich.edu/kresgepublic/journals/gartner/research/89900/89906/89906.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Terms and Definitions. Legal Information Institute. Code of Federal Regulations. 47 CFR Sections 54.5 and  153. Also available at https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/47/54.5.Search in Google Scholar

Trends in Telephone Service. (Trends Report). March 2000. Industry Analysis Division, Common Carrier Bureau. Federal Communications Division.Search in Google Scholar

United States Court of Appeals. District of Columbia Circuit, United States Telecom Ass’n V. F.C.C , 359 F 3d 554 (D.C. Cir. 2004). Decided March 2: 2004.Search in Google Scholar

United States Court of Appeals. 2016. District of Columbia Circuit, United States Telecom Association et al v. FCC Consolidated with 15-1078, 15-1086, 15-1090, 15-1091, 15-1092, 15-1095, 15-1099, 15-1117, 15-1128, 15-1151, 15-1164 On Petitions for Review of an Order of the Federal Communications Commission. Decided June 14. Also available at https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/3F95E49183E6F8AF85257FD200505A3A/$file/15-1063-1619173.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (DC Court). 2010. No. 08-1291; Comcast Corporation, Petitioner v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America. Also available at https://www.eff.org/files/comcast_v_fcc_dc_cir_2010.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (DC Court). 2014. Argued September 9, 2013 Decided January 14, 2014. No. 11-1355. Verizon, Appellant V. Federal Communications Commission, Appellee.Search in Google Scholar

Unlocking Digital Competition. 2019. Report of the Digital Competition Expert Panel, March 2019. Also available at https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/785547/unlocking_digital_competition_furman_review_web.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Vadala, N. 2012. “How to Work Around Comcast’s File-Sharing Crackdown.” Also available at https://www.phillymag.com/news/2012/06/01/bypass-riaa-mpaa-bittorrent-crackdown/.Search in Google Scholar

Vertical Merger Guidelines. U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission. 2020. Also available at https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2020/06/ftc-doj-issue-antitrust-guidelines-evaluating-vertical-mergers.Search in Google Scholar

Vogelsang, I. 20192019. “Net Neutrality Regulation: Much Ado about Nothing?” Review of Network Economics 17 (3): 225–43. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1515/rne-2018-0051.Search in Google Scholar

Werbach, K. 2002. “A Layered Model for Internet Policy.” Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law 1 (37): 2002. Also available at https://www.jthtl.org/content/articles/V1I1/JTHTLv1i1_Werbach.PDF.Search in Google Scholar

Wikipedia. Comparisons of Mobile Operating Systems. Also available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems.Search in Google Scholar

Wikipedia, MCI Inc. Also available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCI_Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Wikipedia, Teleport Communications Group. Also available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleport_Communications_Group.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, T. 2003. “Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination.” Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law 2: 141. 2003. Also vailable at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=388863.10.2139/ssrn.388863Search in Google Scholar

Wu, T. 2018. The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age. N.Y: Columbia Global Reports.10.2307/j.ctv1fx4h9cSearch in Google Scholar