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Highway to thermosensation: a traced review, from the proteins to the brain

  • Ivan Ezquerra-Romano

    Ivan Ezquerra-Romano is an MSc Neuroscience undergraduate at University College London. His scientific interest is in consciousness, perception and neuropharmacology. He was awarded in the summer of 2016 with the Wellcome Trust Vacation Scholarship for doing research at his university in decision-making. He is also co-founder of a drugs harm reduction website (Drugsand.me) that provides reliable and evidence-based information for drug users.

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    and Angel Ezquerra

    Angel Ezquerra is a professor of Science Education in the Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. His research is focused on the study of the inception of misconceptions in the understanding of physics. He has also carried out research on pedagogical content knowledge in science and on the strategies of teacher education.

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Published/Copyright: October 18, 2016
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Temperature maintenance and detection are essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. This review is focused on thermosensation; thus a detailed and traced explanation of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of each component of this sensation is given. First, the proteins that react to temperature changes are identified; next, the nature of the neurons involved in thermosensation is described; and then, the pathways from the skin through the spinal cord to the brain are outlined. Finally, the areas of the brain and their interconnections where thermoperception arises are explained. Transduction of the external and internal temperature information is essentially mediated by the transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs). These proteins are embedded in the neurons’ membrane and they hyper- or de-polarize neurons in function of the intrinsic voltage and the temperature changes. There are distinct TRP sensors for different temperature ranges. Interestingly, the primary afferent neurons have either cold or hot receptors, so they are dedicated separately to cold or hot sensation. The information is transmitted by different pathways from the skin to the brain, where it either remains separated or is integrated to generate a response. It seems that both the determination of how thermoperception is produced and how we interact with the world are dependent on the particular arrangement and nature of the components, the way of transduction of information and the communication between these elements.

About the authors

Ivan Ezquerra-Romano

Ivan Ezquerra-Romano is an MSc Neuroscience undergraduate at University College London. His scientific interest is in consciousness, perception and neuropharmacology. He was awarded in the summer of 2016 with the Wellcome Trust Vacation Scholarship for doing research at his university in decision-making. He is also co-founder of a drugs harm reduction website (Drugsand.me) that provides reliable and evidence-based information for drug users.

Angel Ezquerra

Angel Ezquerra is a professor of Science Education in the Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. His research is focused on the study of the inception of misconceptions in the understanding of physics. He has also carried out research on pedagogical content knowledge in science and on the strategies of teacher education.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Karishma Mahtini for her accurate comments and for proofreading the paper and to Mario Martinez Cepa for his altruistic and artistic drawings.

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Received: 2016-6-30
Accepted: 2016-8-7
Published Online: 2016-10-18
Published in Print: 2017-1-1

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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