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Development of nuclear chemistry at Mainz and Darmstadt

  • Jens-Volker Kratz EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 13. September 2018
Radiochimica Acta
Aus der Zeitschrift Radiochimica Acta Band 107 Heft 1

Abstract

This review describes some key accomplishments of Günter Herrmann such as the establishment of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor at Mainz University, the identification of a large number of very neutron-rich fission products by fast, automated chemical separations, the study of their nuclear structure by spectroscopy with modern detection techniques, and the measurement of fission yields. After getting the nuclear chemistry group, the target laboratory, and the mass separator group established at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, a number of large international collaborations were organized exploring the mechanism of deeply inelastic multi-nucleon transfer reactions in collisions of Xe and U ions with U targets, Ca and U ions with Cm targets, and the search for superheavy elements with chemical separations after these bombardments. After the Chernobyl accident, together with members of the Institute of Physics, a powerful laser technique, the resonance ionization mass spectometry (RIMS) was established for the ultra-trace detection of actinides and long-lived fission products in environmental samples. RIMS was also applied to determine with high precision the first ionization potentials of actinides all the way up to einsteinium. In the late 1980ies, high interest arose in results obtained in fusion-evaporation reactions between light projectiles and heavy actinide targets investigating the chemical properties of transactinide elements (Z≥104). Remarkable was the observation, that their chemical properties deviated from those of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table because their valence electrons are increasingly influenced by relativistic effects. These chemical results could be reproduced with relativistic quantum-chemical calculations. The present review is selecting and describing examples for fast chemical separations that were successful at the TRIGA Mainz and heavy-ion reaction studies at GSI Darmstadt.

Keywords: Fast automated chemical separations; nuclear spectroscopy; nuclear structure of fission products; resonance ionization mass spectrometry; heavy-ion reactions; superheavy elements

Dedicated to: The memory of Prof. Dr. Günter Herrmann under whose direction and guidance the work described here was performed.

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Received: 2018-02-22
Accepted: 2018-06-28
Published Online: 2018-09-13
Published in Print: 2018-12-19

©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Development of nuclear chemistry at Mainz and Darmstadt
  3. Extraction behavior of rutherfordium as a cationic fluoride complex with a TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO3 acidic solutions
  4. Measurements of activation cross sections by cyclic activation method for (n,2n) reaction on 144Sm isotope around 14 MeV neutron energy
  5. The diffusion of 75Se(IV) in Beishan granite – temperature, oxygen condition and ionic strength effects
  6. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Cs(I), Sr(II) and Eu(III) adsorption on a natural sandy soil
  7. Development and application of carbon nanotubes reinforced hydroxyapatite composite in separation of Co(II) and Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions
  8. Evaluation of radiation absorption capacity of some soil samples
https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2948
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Fast automated chemical separations; nuclear spectroscopy; nuclear structure of fission products; resonance ionization mass spectrometry; heavy-ion reactions; superheavy elements

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Development of nuclear chemistry at Mainz and Darmstadt
  3. Extraction behavior of rutherfordium as a cationic fluoride complex with a TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO3 acidic solutions
  4. Measurements of activation cross sections by cyclic activation method for (n,2n) reaction on 144Sm isotope around 14 MeV neutron energy
  5. The diffusion of 75Se(IV) in Beishan granite – temperature, oxygen condition and ionic strength effects
  6. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Cs(I), Sr(II) and Eu(III) adsorption on a natural sandy soil
  7. Development and application of carbon nanotubes reinforced hydroxyapatite composite in separation of Co(II) and Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions
  8. Evaluation of radiation absorption capacity of some soil samples
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