Performance of 6 × 6 CNT transistor array using composite nanomaterials for biomedical applications
-
Anitha R. Vaddinuri
,
Satheeshkumar Palanisamy
Abstract
This study is the simulation of several forms of the most recent Field Effect Transistor (FET) and its electrical characteristics and designed using nanomaterials. The best FET to employ for sensor design in biomedical applications has been determined based on many examples and investigations. In order to overcome the difficulties of detecting disease-causing antigens, FET-based biosensors have been developed to increase sensitivity to disease-causing antigens at the micro- and nanoscale. To find the best transistor, various transistor types with various material layers are introduced. The sensor array consists of 64 cells, arranged into three categories – core, periphery, and middle – designed to enhance the sensitivity of cell detection. Three reference voltages are produced by a current reference circuit to bias the bottom gates of the CNTFETs, which generate maximum current in response to electrostatic changes at the top gate. These voltages are then processed to determine the concentration of the analyte, with the sensor array achieving a sensitivity of 130 μA/V. In NANOHUB.ORG (online Tool), all simulations are run, and performance is displayed in the form of simulation results, graphs, and tables.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the editors S.M. Sapuan, Mohd Roshdi Hassan, Eris Elianddy Supeni, and Azizan As’arry for their guidance and review of this article before its publication.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
References
1. Pyo, J. Highly sensitive CNT-based field-effect transistor sensors for biomolecular detection. Adv Funct Mater 2022;32:2108133.Search in Google Scholar
2. Sahoo, S. Recent advancements in carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistor biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics. Bioelectronics 2021;37:100048.Search in Google Scholar
3. Huang, X. Functionalized CNTs for biomedical applications: a review of the recent advances in drug delivery and sensors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2023;23:1222–40.Search in Google Scholar
4. Wanekaya, AK, Chen, W, Myung, NV, Mulchandani, A. Nanowire-based electrochemical biosensors. Electroanalysis 2006;18:533–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200503449.Search in Google Scholar
5. Villamizar, RA, Maroto, A, Xavier Rius, F, Inza, I, Figueras, MJ. Fast detection of Salmonella Infantis with carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008;24:279–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.046.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Yamamoto, Y, Maehashi, K, Ohno, Y, Matsumoto, K. Highly sensitive biosensors based on high-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Sensor Mater 2009;21:351–61.10.18494/SAM.2009.599Search in Google Scholar
7. Maehashi, K, Matsumoto, K, Takamura, Y, Tamiya, E. Aptamer based label free immunosensors using carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Electroanalysis 2009;21:1285–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200804552.Search in Google Scholar
8. Bobba, S, Carrara, S, De Micheli, G. Design of a CNFET array for sensing and control in P450 based biochips for multiple drug detection. In: International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2010), Paris, France; 2010:1711–14 pp.10.1109/ISCAS.2010.5537523Search in Google Scholar
9. Huang, Y, Dong, X, Shi, Y, Li, CM, Li, L-J, Chen, P. Nanoelectronic biosensors based on CVD grown graphene. Nanoscale 2010;2:1485–8. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00142b.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Kuila, T, Bose, S, Khanra, P, Mishra, AK, Kim, NH, Lee, JH. Recent advances in graphene-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011;26:4637–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.039.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Wang, H-W, Huang, J-T, Lin, C-C. Real-time detecting concentration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by CNTFET biosensor. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2013;79.Search in Google Scholar
12. Farhana, S, ZahirulAlam, AHM, Khan, S. Small band-gap-based CNT for modeling of nano sensor. Proc Comput Sci 2014;42:122–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.11.042.Search in Google Scholar
13. Liu, Y, Liu, D, Alpuche-Aviles, MA, Ma, W. Carbon nanotube-based biosensors for the detection of biomolecules: applications in healthcare. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023;11:774501. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136565.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
14. Choi, Y. Carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistor biosensors for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2022;195:113591.Search in Google Scholar
15. avey, A, Nam, SW, Friedman, RS, Lieber, CM, Dai, H. High-field electron transport in single-walled carbon nanotube transistors. Nature 2003;424:654–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01797.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Freitag, M. Carbon nanotube electronics and devices. Carbon Nanotub: Prop Appl 2006:83–117. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420004212.ch4.Search in Google Scholar
17. Wind, SJ, Appenzeller, J, Martel, R, Derycke, VPPA, Avouris, P. Vertical scaling of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors using top gate electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 2002;80:3817–19. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480877.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Potential development of thermally stable polycrystalline photovoltaic modules utilizing biocomposite materials
- Mathematical modelling of hollow-fiber haemodialysis modules
- Computational modelling in liver system and liver disease
- An introduction to quantitative systems pharmacology for chemical engineers
- Macroscopic transport models for drugs and vehicles in cancer tissues
- Engaging pre-service teachers in an indigenous activity to investigate sustainability and green practices in palm oil production
- Performance of 6 × 6 CNT transistor array using composite nanomaterials for biomedical applications
- Functionalization and performance of hybrid nanocellulose from plant-based/metal oxide nanocomposites for sustainable energy applications
- Modelling drug permeation across the skin: a chemical engineering perspective
- Environmental life cycle analysis of natural fiber composites in energy sector
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Potential development of thermally stable polycrystalline photovoltaic modules utilizing biocomposite materials
- Mathematical modelling of hollow-fiber haemodialysis modules
- Computational modelling in liver system and liver disease
- An introduction to quantitative systems pharmacology for chemical engineers
- Macroscopic transport models for drugs and vehicles in cancer tissues
- Engaging pre-service teachers in an indigenous activity to investigate sustainability and green practices in palm oil production
- Performance of 6 × 6 CNT transistor array using composite nanomaterials for biomedical applications
- Functionalization and performance of hybrid nanocellulose from plant-based/metal oxide nanocomposites for sustainable energy applications
- Modelling drug permeation across the skin: a chemical engineering perspective
- Environmental life cycle analysis of natural fiber composites in energy sector
