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Green carbon-based adsorbents for water treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Adedapo O. Adeola ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Patricia B.C. Forbes EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 15, 2024
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Physical Sciences Reviews
From the journal Physical Sciences Reviews Volume 9 Issue 12

Abstract

As underlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), providing safe and clean potable water remains a significant concern in developing regions of the world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Extensive research has been done on this subject in Africa. The concept of sustainable chemistry towards solving another pressing issue in Africa – waste management – led to the decision to investigate green carbon-based materials for water purification on the continent. The conversion of “waste to wealth” is a practical means of achieving proper waste management at a reasonable cost. Low-cost adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbons, graphene and carbon composites, with high surface area, porosity and efficiency have been generated from agricultural waste and biomass, carbon-rich geological materials, carbonaceous polymeric materials, and hydrocarbons/petroleum by-products, using simple thermal and/or green chemical reaction protocols. Several drawbacks have hindered the development and utilization of adsorbents for the treatment of polluted water, including chemical fouling, loss of activity, poor reusability, difficulty associated with sorbent regeneration, production of secondary pollutants, toxicities caused by exposure to sorbent residues, and inability to deal with heavily polluted water. However, the use of adsorbents is still widely acclaimed as an efficient and cleaner method among other existing water treatment options such as extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, and photocatalytic degradation. This paper outlines the research carried out by Sub-Saharan African scientists to proffer solutions to water pollution using green carbon-based adsorbents and discusses the breakthroughs, challenges, and future prospects.

Keywords: adsorbents; carbon-based materials; water treatment; sustainable chemistry; Sub-Saharan Africa
Corresponding authors: Adedapo O. Adeola and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, E-mail: (A. O. Adeola), (P. B. C. Forbes)

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the editors and reviewers for their guidance and review of this article before its publication.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its publication.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: Not applicable.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2022-12-02
Accepted: 2024-07-25
Published Online: 2024-08-15

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0200
Keywords for this article
adsorbents; carbon-based materials; water treatment; sustainable chemistry; Sub-Saharan Africa

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. A facile and efficient one-pot 3-component reaction (3-CR) method for the synthesis of thiazine-based heterocyclic compounds using zwitterion adduct intermediates
  4. Preparing new secondary science teachers in the context of sustainable development goals: green and sustainable chemistry
  5. Green carbon-based adsorbents for water treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa
  6. A review of electrical and piezoelectric properties of nanocellulose biocomposites
  7. Applications of bio-composites in electronics
  8. Dielectric characteristics of Mediterranean lignocellulosic fibers for functional biocomposite materials
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