Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
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Norihan Abdullah
,
Khalina Abdan
Abstract
The use of waste wood flour as polymer reinforcements has recently gained popularity because of its environmental benefits. The goal of this research is to determine the thermal properties of a waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composite made via extrusion. The fillers were melt compounded with polyamide 6 at filler concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% using a twin screw extruder, followed by compression molding. The processability of waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composite was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). According to the TGA analysis, the thermal stability of the composites decreases as the natural fiber content increases. The onset temperature of rapid thermal deterioration was reduced somewhat from 425 °C (neat PA6) to 405 °C (15 wt% wood flour). According to the DSC results, the addition of natural fibers resulted in quantify changes in the glass transition (T g), melting (T m), and crystallization temperature (T c) of the PA6 composites. The storage modulus from the DMA study increased from 1177 MPa (neat PA6) to 1531 MPa due to the reinforcing effects of wood flour (15 wt%). Waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composites offer advantageous thermal properties, enabling us to profit from the strengthening potential of such cellulosic reinforcements while remaining recyclable and generally renewable .
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the Putra Grant Berimpak (GBP/2020/9691300) for providing research funding that made this research possible.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: Putra Grant Berimpak (GBP/2020/9691300).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
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- Green protocols for Tsuji–Trost allylation: an overview
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- Tellurium-induced cyclization of olefinic compounds
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- Accessing the environmental impact of tellurium metal
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- Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Synthesis and application of organotellurium compounds
- Tellurium-based chemical sensors
- Synthesis of antiviral drugs by using carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation under greener conditions
- Green protocols for Tsuji–Trost allylation: an overview
- Chemistry of tellurium containing macrocycles
- Tellurium-induced cyclization of olefinic compounds
- Latest developments on the synthesis of bioactive organotellurium scaffolds
- Tellurium-based solar cells
- Semiconductor characteristics of tellurium and its implementations
- Tellurium based materials for nonlinear optical applications
- Pharmaceutical cocrystal consisting of ascorbic acid with p-aminobenzoic acid and paracetamol
- Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction
- Physico-chemical and nutraceutical properties of Cola lepidota seed oil
- Cyclohexane oxidation using advanced oxidation processes with metals and metal oxides as catalysts: a review
- Optimization of electrolysis and carbon capture processes for sustainable production of chemicals through Power-to-X
- Tellurium-induced functional group activation
- Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical investigation of 4-chloro-6(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)asmino-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thiazol-5-yl-diazenyl)phenyl as potential SARS-CoV-2 agent
- Process intensification and digital twin – the potential for the energy transition in process industries
- Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations
- Accessing the environmental impact of tellurium metal
- Membrane-based processes in essential oils production
- Development of future-proof supply concepts for sector-coupled district heating systems based on scenario-analysis
- Educators’ reflections on the teaching and learning of the periodic table of elements at the upper secondary level: a case study
- Optimization of hydrogen supply from renewable electricity including cavern storage
- A short review on cancer therapeutics
- The role of bioprocess systems engineering in extracting chemicals and energy from microalgae
- The topology of crystalline matter
- Characterization of lignocellulosic S. persica fibre and its composites: a review
- Constructing a framework for selecting natural fibres as reinforcements composites based on grey relational analysis
- Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/natural fiber green composites: melt blending processes and tensile properties
- The properties of 3D printed poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) reinforced PLA/PBAT composites used in fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing
- Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
- Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application
- Wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering under tropical climate
- Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2)
