Abstract
Green Chemistry principles can be applied while following approved Environmental Protection Agency methods at an accredited lab. The decision-making process involved in selecting a method for the analysis of dioxins in solid matrices while considering green chemistry, method performance and overall cost are presented.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank the following people for their assistance in researching the method and editing the chapter: Mr Daniel Colgan, Mr Kyle Barocko, Mr Timothy Baker and Dr Kerri LeVanseler.
References
[1] EPA method 1613 tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. Oct 1994. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Engineering and Analysis Division (4303), 401 M Street SW Washington D.C. 20460.Search in Google Scholar
[2] SW-846 - test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods, method 3545a. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-3545a-pressurized-fluid-extraction-pfe. Accessed: 22 Feb 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[3] SW-846 - test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods, method 3546. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-3546-microwave-extraction. Accessed: 22 Feb 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[4] SW-846 - test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods, method 3550C. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-3550c-ultrasonic-extraction. Accessed: 22 Feb 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[5] SW-846 - test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods, method 8280B. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-8280b-polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins-pcdds-and-polychlorinated. Accessed: 22 Feb 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[6] SW-846 - test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods, method 8290A. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-8290a-polychlorinated-dibenzodioxins-pcdds-and-polychlorinated. Accessed: 22 Feb 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[7] International Agency for the Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, IARC, 150 cours albert thomas. 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France. Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/latest_classif.php. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[8] EPA toxocological review of toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3) in support of summary information on the integrated risk information system (IRIS). Sep 2005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-03/documents/toluene_toxicology_review_0118tr_3v.pdf. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[9] EPA toxocological review of hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3) in support of summary information on the integrated risk information system (IRIS). Nov 2005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. Available at: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000E79S.PDF?Dockey=2000E79S.PDF. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[10] OSHA hazard communication, hazard classification guidance for manufacturers, importers and employers, occupational safety and administration. U.S. Department of Labor,OSHA 3844-02 2016. Available at: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3844.pdf. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[11] ThermoFisher scientific safety data sheet for methylene chloride, Revised 17 Jan 2018 Rev 6. Available at: https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?storeId=10652&productName=D371&productDescription=METHYLENE. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[12] ThermoFisher scientific safety data sheet for toluene, Revised 17 Jan 2018 Rev 4. Available at: https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=T326P4&productDescription=TOLUENE. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[13] ThermoFisher scientific safety data sheet for hexane, Revised 19 Jan 2018 Rev 3. Available at: https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC326922500&productDescription=N%2520HEXANE&catNo=AC32692-2500&vendorId=VN00032119&storeId=10652. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[14] ThermoFisher scientific safety data sheet for acetone, Revised 19 Jan 2018 Rev 6. Available at: https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC177170010&productDescription=ACETONE. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[15] ThermoFisher scientific safety data sheet for methanol, Revised 18 Jan 2018 Rev 6. Available at: https://www.fishersci.com/msdsproxy%3FproductName%3DA412SK4%26productDescription%3DMETHANOL%2BACS%2B4L%2BSAFE-COTE%26catNo%3DA412-SK4%2B%26vendorId%3DVN00033897%26storeId%3D10652. Accessed: 23 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[16] Cost comparison: budgeting for a filtered fume hood, Available at: http://www.labconco.com/articles/cost-comparison-filtered-fume-hood. Accessed: 25 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[17] Gilly Q, Validating cost and energy savings from harvard’s shut the sash program. Available at: https://green.harvard.edu/sites/green.harvard.edu/files/FumeHoodWhitePaper.pdf. Accessed: 25 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
[18] Validating cost and energy savings from Harvard’s shut the sash program. Available at: http://sustainability.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/FumeHoodPaper.pdf. Hood reference not used at this time: http://sustainability.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/FumeHoodPaper.pdf. Accessed: 25 May 2018.Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Archaeometry of ceramic materials
- “Drug-likeness” properties of natural compounds
- Applying green chemistry approaches to EPA standard method of analysis for dioxins
- Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: from micro- to non-invasive FT-IR
- Computational methods for NMR and MS for structure elucidation II: database resources and advanced methods
- Prediction of toxicity of secondary metabolites
Articles in the same Issue
- Archaeometry of ceramic materials
- “Drug-likeness” properties of natural compounds
- Applying green chemistry approaches to EPA standard method of analysis for dioxins
- Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: from micro- to non-invasive FT-IR
- Computational methods for NMR and MS for structure elucidation II: database resources and advanced methods
- Prediction of toxicity of secondary metabolites