Synthesis and characterization of ASU-PPO based anion exchange membrane with PEG support for water electrolysis
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Abdul Qayoom
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Jeyraj Selvaraj
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane-based water electrolysis technology is a productive method for converting electrical energy into hydrogen. To improve and optimize the performance of the water electrolytic system, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer is an excellent choice. AEM possess inadequacies in cation structural design, and diversity in development approaches with each new cation inclusion. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a variety of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)-based AEMs crosslinked with azonia-spiro undecane (ASU). The design process consists of three steps: first P-ASU making followed by quaternarization and then PPO bromination, followed by P-ASU and BPPO crosslinking. The membrane’s stability is enhanced by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). PPO has outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, and its backbone can be functionalized through a variety of ways. Bromination was performed with quantitative control in this study. The developed membrane was examined using analytical tools (e.g., TGA, FTIR, HNMR, SEM). The results revealed that membrane demonstrated sufficient thermal stability between 150 °C and 250 °C as degradation phase. Characterization results also contribute to accurately measuring membrane surface morphology and stability at 4.38 ppm and 3.13–3.24 ppm transition from the–CH2Br group to the–N+(CH3)3 groups by new peaks. The composition and properties were analyzed to validate successful crosslinking and functionalization of the membrane.
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Research ethics: Not applicable. The authors ensure that the article is original and not published or is not being considered for publication in any other journal.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Abdul Qayom: experimental design, experimental work and manuscript writeup. Muhammad Shakeel Ahmed: study concept, research framework development and validation. Jeyraj Selvaraj: technical drafting and proof reading. Nasruddin Abd Rahim: methodology development and supervision. A.K. Pandey: experimental and technical support.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: Not applicable.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: The authors would like to thank for financial and technical assistance of UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), special project grant BKP003-2023-KP, and the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) Program Research Grant, UMPEDAC - 2020 (MOHE HICOE - UMPEDAC), TOP100 UMPEDAC, RU003-2020, University of Malaya.
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Data availability: Data will be made available upon request.
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material Properties
- Synthesis and characterization of ASU-PPO based anion exchange membrane with PEG support for water electrolysis
- Experimental and numerical investigations on the mechanical properties of overmolded hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites
- Preparation and Assembly
- Reed fiber as a sustainable filler for tuning the biodegradability of polylactic acid composites
- Preparation of liquid metal/thermoplastic polyurethane composites with enhanced thermal conductivity via rolling regulation
- Lignin charcoal/preparation of chitosan composite membrane and H2S adsorption properties
- Synthesis and formulation of modified milk protein and its study as an adhesive for wood binding
- Preparation and properties of PLCL/OM-Laponite materials with potential applications in orthopedic bandage
- Engineering and Processing
- Probability evaluation of the ternary polymerization and reactivity ratio of bio-based PA5T/56
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material Properties
- Synthesis and characterization of ASU-PPO based anion exchange membrane with PEG support for water electrolysis
- Experimental and numerical investigations on the mechanical properties of overmolded hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites
- Preparation and Assembly
- Reed fiber as a sustainable filler for tuning the biodegradability of polylactic acid composites
- Preparation of liquid metal/thermoplastic polyurethane composites with enhanced thermal conductivity via rolling regulation
- Lignin charcoal/preparation of chitosan composite membrane and H2S adsorption properties
- Synthesis and formulation of modified milk protein and its study as an adhesive for wood binding
- Preparation and properties of PLCL/OM-Laponite materials with potential applications in orthopedic bandage
- Engineering and Processing
- Probability evaluation of the ternary polymerization and reactivity ratio of bio-based PA5T/56
