Chiral nanostructured materials for chiral discrimination and separation

Shubham Sharma; Bhaskar Vallamkonda; Akash Kumar Mishra; Neeraj Kumar Mishra; Vinod

doi:10.1515/pac-2025-0499

Article

Chiral nanostructured materials for chiral discrimination and separation

Shubham Sharma , Bhaskar Vallamkonda , Akash Kumar Mishra , Neeraj Kumar Mishra and Vinod

Published/Copyright: July 4, 2025

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From the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry

Abstract

Chiral nanostructured materials have emerged to be an influential class of high-performance materials used in areas ranging from enantioselective sensing, separation, and catalysis to optoelectronics. The materials are highly sophisticated and involve chiral metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, carbon dots, and quantum dots etc. Owing to properties such as enantioselectivity, reproducibility, and catalytic properties, facilitating their incorporation into multifunctional systems these materials offer remarkable enantiomeic separations, environmental monitoring, and sustainable energy. In the past few years, various synthetic strategies such as chiral ligands, templating techniques, and environmentally friendly synthetic methods have been investigated to achieve improved chiral materials. Great advances have been achieved in chromatographic performance and scalability toward chiral membranes, composite materials, and MOFs- and COFs-based stationary phases. Furthermore, multi-mode platforms combining fluorescence, magnetism, and other recognition approaches show vast potential for label-free real-time enantiomeric detection. Here, we review the interdisciplinary advancement in the area of nanostructured chiral materials focusing on synthetic strategies, characterization, and enantiorecognition performance of common chiral organic compounds and drugs.

Keywords: Chiral carbon dots; chiral metal-organic frameworks; chiral nanomaterials; chiral quantum dots; chiral sensing; covalent organic frameworks; enantiorecognition

Corresponding author: Vinod, Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India, e-mail: vkviitr@gmail.com

Author ‘Vinod’ is also known as Vinod Kumar Vashistha in his previous publications.

Abbreviations

L-His-ZIF-67: l-Histidine-Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67
1D: One-dimensional
3D: Three-dimensional
AFM: Atomic force microscopy
aMOF: Amorphous metal-organic framework
AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles
BSA: Bovine serum albumin
BuMA: Butyl methacrylate
CC: Carboxylated cellulose
CCDs: Chiral carbon dots
CCOFs: Covalent organic frameworks
CCTF: Chiral covalent triazine framework
C-CuBDC: Chiral copper-based MOF
CD-MOF: Cyclodextrin-based metal–organic framework
CDMPC: Cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate
CMOFs: Chiral metal-organic frameworks
CQDs: Chiral quantum dots
CSPs: Chiral stationary phases
CT: Charge transfer
CTAB: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
CTA-PES: Cellulose triacetate-polyethersulfone
CuLBH: [Cu(L-mal)(Bipy)]·H₂O
Cu-TA: Cu-tartaric acid
DES: Hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent
d-Ile: d-isoleucine
DMF: Dimethylformamide
EDA-β-CD: Ethylenediamine-β-cyclodextrin
EDMA: Ethylene dimethacrylate
ee: Enantiomeric excess
Fe₃O₄@CuZnAl-LDH@MIL-100(Fe): Magnetic layered double hydroxide/metal-organic framework
Gln: Glutamine
GO: Graphene oxide
GOx: Glucose oxidase
HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography
HP-MDs: Hydroxypropyl-Maltodextrins
HP-MOFs: Hierarchical Porous Mofs
IP: Interfacial Polymerization
IPA: Isopropanol
l-Cys: l-Cysteine
l-Ile: l-Isoleucine
l-Phe: l-Phenylalanine
l-Tyr-COF: l-Tyrosine Functionalized COF
MDs: Maltodextrins
MONs: Microporous Organic Network
nano-LC: Nano-Liquid Chromatography
N-CD: Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot
PATP: P-Mercaptoaniline
PCS: Polyphenol Colloidal Spheres
PCTM: Polycarbonate Track-Etched Membranes
PDA: Polydopamine
PE: 1-Phenylethanol
Phe: Phenylalanine
PL: Photoluminescence
PSf: Polysulfone
QCM: Quartz Crystal Microbalance
rGO-FSWCNT: Reduced Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube
RSDs: Relative Standard Deviations
SERS: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
S-NE: S-1-(1-Naphthyl) Ethanol
TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy
TNT: Titanate Nanotubes
TPB: 1,3,5-Tris(4-Aminophenyl)Benzene
Trp: Tryptophan
UV–vis: Ultraviolet–Visible
XRD: X-ray Diffraction

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Vinod: Conceptualization, Supervision, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing – Original Draft, Review & Editing. Shubham Sharma: Formal analysis, Data Interpretation. Akash Kumar Mishra: Writing – Original Draft. Neeraj Kumar Mishra: Data Acquisition, Writing – Original Draft, Formal analysis. Bhaskar Vallamkonda: Data Acquisition, Writing – Original Draft. Shubham Sharma: Formal analysis, Data Interpretation.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None to declare.
Conflict of interest: Nothing to declare.
Research funding: Not applicable.
Data availability: No new data is generated.

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Received: 2025-04-28

Accepted: 2025-06-05

Published Online: 2025-07-04

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https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2025-0499

Keywords for this article

Chiral carbon dots; chiral metal-organic frameworks; chiral nanomaterials; chiral quantum dots; chiral sensing; covalent organic frameworks; enantiorecognition