Low-cost MRI devices and methods for real-time monitoring of flow and transfer phenomena in milli-channels
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Feryal Guerroudj
Abstract
An NMR/MRI methodology is developed for the study of flows in miniaturized systems handling volumes of fluid in the microliter range. Specific MRI devices are implemented, including radiofrequency coils with millimetric dimensions whose size and geometry correspond to the studied systems. We follow a low-cost development procedure of home-made milli-RF coils, including their dimensioning, the simulation of the produced electromagnetic field, their fabrication and their integration in experimental devices. In each of the two cases presented the filling factor is optimized and the sensitivity of the measurement is greatly improved over standard commercial instrumentations by a factor up to 17. Two applications are then discussed: the characterization of the hydrodynamics in an anchor shaped micromixer and the monitoring of the development of a biofilm at the pore scale.
Article note:
A collection of invited papers based on presentations at the Italian-French International Conference on Magnetic Resonance, Milan, Italy, 27–30 September 2022.
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Research funding: This study is funded by the French National Research Agency, project BIOCIDES ANR-21-CE50-0027.
Appendix: MRI acquisition parameters
| Fig. 3(f) | Fig. 3(g) and (h) | |
|---|---|---|
| Method | mic_msme | mic_msme |
| TR | 300 ms | 300 ms |
| TE | 4.7 ms | 5 ms |
| FOV | 1.2 × 1.2 cm2 | 0.75 × 0.75 cm2 |
| In-plane resolution | 47 × 47 µm2/pixel | 29 × 29 µm2/pixel |
| Slice thickness | 400 µm | 200 µm |
| Slice orientation | Sagittal | Axial |
| Slice position | 2.5 mm from the mixing point | |
| #Accumulations | 8 | 8 |
| Acq. time | 10 min | 10 min |
| Solution | Copper sulfate T 1 ∼ 100 ms | Copper sulfate T 1 ∼ 100 ms |
| Fig. 4(f) and (h) | Fig. 4(g) and (i) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Method | mic_msme | Method | Flowmap |
| TR | 500 ms | Protocol | Velocity-map |
| TE | 5.5 ms | TR | 500 ms |
| FOV | 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 | TE | 7 ms |
| In-plane resolution | 20 × 20 µm2/pixel | ∆ | 2.88 ms |
| Slice thickness | 500 µm | δ | 2.77 ms |
| Slice orientation | Axial | θ | 30° |
| #Accumulation | 1 | FOV | 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 |
| Acq. time | 2 min | In-plane resolution | 39 × 39 µm2 |
| Solution | Copper sulfate T 1 ∼ 100 ms | Slice thickness | 500 µm |
| Slice orientation | Axial | ||
| Accumulation | 4 | ||
| Acq. time | 6 min | ||
| Solution | Copper sulfate T 1 ∼ 100 ms | ||
| Flow rate | 0.6 mL/min | ||
| Fig. 5(c1) and (c2) | Fig. 5(c1) | Fig. 5(c2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Flowmap | Instrumentation | Bruker Micro2.5/MicWB40 | Helmholtz milli-RF coil |
| Protocol | Velocity-map | |||
| TR | 300 ms | |||
| TE | 6 ms | |||
| ∆ | 2.16 ms | FOV | 1 × 0.75 cm2 | 0.6 × 0.6 cm2 |
| δ | 2.05 ms | |||
| #Accumulations | 4 | In-plane resolution | 29 × 29 µm2 | 23 × 23 µm2 |
| Acq. time | 6 min | |||
| (1 Velocity component) | ||||
| Solution | Copper sulfate | |||
| Re outlet | 80 | |||
| Slice orientation | Axial | |||
| Slice position | 2.5 mm | |||
| From mixing point | ||||
| Slice thickness | 200 µm | |||
|
Figs. 6(c, e and f)
|
Instrumentation: Bruker Micro2.5/MicWB40 |
|---|---|
| Fig. 6(c) | |
| Method | MSME |
| Protocol | MSME-T2-map |
| TR | 15 000 ms |
| TE eff | 15 ms |
| #Echos | 16 |
| #Accumulations | 1 |
| Acq. time | 24 min |
| Slice orientation | Sagittal |
| Slice thickness | 500 µm |
| FOV | 0.5 × 1.5 cm2 |
| In-plane resolution | 40 × 120 µm2/pixel |
| Fig. 6(e) | Fig. 6(f) | |
|---|---|---|
| Method | Flowmap | Flowmap |
| Protocol | Velocity-map | Velocity-map |
| TR | 1000 ms | 1000 ms |
| TE | 7 ms | 7 ms |
| ∆ | 2.89 ms | 2.89 ms |
| δ | 2.78 ms | 2.78 ms |
| FOV | 0.5 × 1.5 cm2 | 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 |
| In-plane resolution | 40 × 120µm2/pixel | 40 × 40 µm2/pixel |
| Slice thickness | 500 µm | 1 mm |
| Slice orientation | Sagittal | Axial |
| #Accumulations | 4 | 4 |
| Acq. time | 6 min | 6 min |
| (1 Component) | ||
| Flow rate | 1.2 mL/min | 1.2 mL/min |
| Fig. 7 | Instrumentation: saddle milli-RF coil | |
|---|---|---|
| Fig. 7(c) | Fig. 7(d) | |
| Method | Flowmap | Flowmap |
| Protocol | Velocity-map | Velocity-map |
| TR | 1000 ms | 1000 ms |
| TE | 7 ms | 7 ms |
| ∆ | 2.89 ms | 2.89 ms |
| δ | 2.78 ms | 2.78 ms |
| FOV | 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 | 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 |
| In-plane resolution | 40 × 40 µm2/pixel | 40 × 40 µm2/pixel |
| Slice thickness | 500 µm | 1 mm |
| Slice orientation | Sagittal | Axial |
| #Accumulations | 4 | 4 |
| Acq. time | 6 min | 6 min |
| (1 Component) | ||
| Flow rate | 0.6 mL/min | 0.6 mL/min |
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© 2023 IUPAC & De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Editorial
- Preface, first Italian-French International Conference on Magnetic Resonance
- Conference papers
- Multinuclear solid state nuclear magnetic resonance for studying CsPbBr3 nanocubes
- Insights into the self-assembly of fampridine hydrochloride: how the choice of the solvent affects the crystallization of a simple salt
- NMR approaches to study proteins integrating globular and disordered domains: the case of c-Src
- 1H NMR spectroscopy of strongly J-coupled alcohols acquired at 50 mT (2 MHz) using a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill echo technique
- Skin, soap, and spaghetti: investigations of co-existing solid and liquid phases in organic materials using solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral editing
- Low-cost MRI devices and methods for real-time monitoring of flow and transfer phenomena in milli-channels
- IUPAC Technical Reports
- Chemical data evaluation: general considerations and approaches for IUPAC projects and the chemistry community (IUPAC Technical Report)
- A brief guide to polymer characterization: structure (IUPAC Technical Report)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Editorial
- Preface, first Italian-French International Conference on Magnetic Resonance
- Conference papers
- Multinuclear solid state nuclear magnetic resonance for studying CsPbBr3 nanocubes
- Insights into the self-assembly of fampridine hydrochloride: how the choice of the solvent affects the crystallization of a simple salt
- NMR approaches to study proteins integrating globular and disordered domains: the case of c-Src
- 1H NMR spectroscopy of strongly J-coupled alcohols acquired at 50 mT (2 MHz) using a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill echo technique
- Skin, soap, and spaghetti: investigations of co-existing solid and liquid phases in organic materials using solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral editing
- Low-cost MRI devices and methods for real-time monitoring of flow and transfer phenomena in milli-channels
- IUPAC Technical Reports
- Chemical data evaluation: general considerations and approaches for IUPAC projects and the chemistry community (IUPAC Technical Report)
- A brief guide to polymer characterization: structure (IUPAC Technical Report)
