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Pulp and paper industry side-stream materials as feed for the oleaginous yeast species Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides

  • Shiromini Gamage , Sara Norström , Madelen Olofsson , Dan Bylund , Mojtaba Asadollahi and Erik Hedenström ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 10, 2025
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
From the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Volume 40 Issue 1

Abstract

The pulp and paper industry in Sweden annually produce millions of tons of side-stream materials as black liquor, pulp and paper mill sludge, sulfite liquor and lignosulfonate. These lignocellulosic based materials can be more utilized today in biorefinery processes with microorganisms to produce high-value products as lipids, proteins and biofuels. In this work, we used five side-stream materials as carbon source in fermentation with two oleaginous yeasts, Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides. We analyzed lipid production, fatty acid profiles, inhibitors, phenolics, free sugars and metals before and after batch fermentation in 2 L bioreactors. Steam-exploded hardwood media was used as reference as it’s known to be a good substrate for the oleaginous yeast species and after fermentation the lipid yield for R. toruloides was 17 % (w/w) and for L. starkeyi 13 % (w/w). The side-stream materials contained less than 30 % of free sugar compared to the reference media and the total lipid yield was thus less than 2.7 %, (w/w). R. toruloides utilized various sugars during fermentation and L. starkeyi mostly consumed glucose and xylose. Both yeast species also showed a possible ability to utilize various phenolics indicating their metabolic potential to convert depolymerized lignin along with wood-based sugars to lipids and proteins.

Keywords: Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis; fermentation; industrial waste; lipid production; oleaginous yeast
Corresponding author: Erik Hedenström, Department of Natural Science, Design, and Sustainable Development, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden, E-mail:

Funding source: European Regional Development Fund

Award Identifier / Grant number: 20201022

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Regional Development Fund, the Knowledge Foundation and Colabit AB. We also thank Domsjö Fabriker AB, Örnsköldsvik for the lignosulfonate sample and the sulfite liquor sample, SEKAB Biofuels and Chemicals AB, Örnsköldsvik for the steam exploded hardwood mixture, Iggesund Paper Mill, Iggesund for the Chemical sludge sample, SCA-Ortviken Paper Mill, Sundsvall for the bio sludge sample and SCA Östrand Pulp Mill, Timrå for the black liquor sample. We also acknowledge Per-Johan Alzen for input on the description of side-stream materials.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: The author(s) have (has) accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Shiromini Gamage: Writing manuscript, planning, conducting the fermentation experiments and lipid extraction, GC analysis, HPLC analysis. Sara Norström: Conducting metal analysis and part of phenolic compounds analysis and reviewing the manuscript. Madelen Olofsson: Conducting phenolic compounds analysis and reviewing manuscript. Dan Bylund: Reviewing and editing the manuscript. Mojtaba Asadollahi: Reviewing and editing the manuscript. Erik Hedenström: Supervising guiding and editing manuscript.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The author(s) state(s) no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Regional Development Fund, the Knowledge Foundation and Colabit AB.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0039).

Received: 2024-05-15
Accepted: 2024-12-23
Published Online: 2025-01-10
Published in Print: 2025-03-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Fractionation methods of eucalyptus kraft lignin for application in biorefinery
  4. Pulp and paper industry side-stream materials as feed for the oleaginous yeast species Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides
  5. Chemical Pulping
  6. Comparing classic time series models and state-of-the-art time series neural networks for forecasting as-fired liquor properties
  7. Optimization of kraft pulping process for Sesbania aculeata (dhaincha) stems using RSM
  8. On the nature of the selectivity of oxygen delignification
  9. Unlocking potential: the role of chemometric modeling in pulp and paper manufacturing
  10. Effects of chemical environment on softwood kraft pulp: exploring beyond conventional washing methods
  11. Bleaching
  12. Variations in carbohydrates molar mass distribution during chemical degradation and consequences on fibre strength
  13. Mechanical Pulping
  14. Energy consumption in refiner mechanical pulping
  15. Paper Technology
  16. Australian wheat and hardwood fibers for advanced packaging materials
  17. Compression refining: the future of refining? Application to bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp
  18. The effect of nanocellulose to coated paper and recycled paper
  19. Interpreting the relationship between properties of wood and pulping & paper via machine learning algorithms combined with SHAP analysis
  20. Hybridization to prepare environmentally friendly, cost-effective superhydrophobic oleophobic coatings
  21. Paper Physics
  22. Characterising the mechanical behaviour of dry-formed cellulose fibre materials
  23. Paper Chemistry
  24. Study on the properties of ground film paper prepared from lactic acid-modified cellulose
  25. Environmental Impact
  26. Characterization of sludge from a cellulose pulp mill for its potential biovalorization
  27. The in situ green synthesis of metal organic framework (HKUST-1)/cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel (CSGA/HKUST-1) and its adsorption on tetracycline
  28. Evaluation of the potential use of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of effluents from bleached kraft pulp mills
  29. Recycling
  30. Waste newspaper activation by sodium phosphate for adsorption dynamics of methylene blue
https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0039
Keywords for this article
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis; fermentation; industrial waste; lipid production; oleaginous yeast

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Fractionation methods of eucalyptus kraft lignin for application in biorefinery
  4. Pulp and paper industry side-stream materials as feed for the oleaginous yeast species Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides
  5. Chemical Pulping
  6. Comparing classic time series models and state-of-the-art time series neural networks for forecasting as-fired liquor properties
  7. Optimization of kraft pulping process for Sesbania aculeata (dhaincha) stems using RSM
  8. On the nature of the selectivity of oxygen delignification
  9. Unlocking potential: the role of chemometric modeling in pulp and paper manufacturing
  10. Effects of chemical environment on softwood kraft pulp: exploring beyond conventional washing methods
  11. Bleaching
  12. Variations in carbohydrates molar mass distribution during chemical degradation and consequences on fibre strength
  13. Mechanical Pulping
  14. Energy consumption in refiner mechanical pulping
  15. Paper Technology
  16. Australian wheat and hardwood fibers for advanced packaging materials
  17. Compression refining: the future of refining? Application to bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp
  18. The effect of nanocellulose to coated paper and recycled paper
  19. Interpreting the relationship between properties of wood and pulping & paper via machine learning algorithms combined with SHAP analysis
  20. Hybridization to prepare environmentally friendly, cost-effective superhydrophobic oleophobic coatings
  21. Paper Physics
  22. Characterising the mechanical behaviour of dry-formed cellulose fibre materials
  23. Paper Chemistry
  24. Study on the properties of ground film paper prepared from lactic acid-modified cellulose
  25. Environmental Impact
  26. Characterization of sludge from a cellulose pulp mill for its potential biovalorization
  27. The in situ green synthesis of metal organic framework (HKUST-1)/cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel (CSGA/HKUST-1) and its adsorption on tetracycline
  28. Evaluation of the potential use of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of effluents from bleached kraft pulp mills
  29. Recycling
  30. Waste newspaper activation by sodium phosphate for adsorption dynamics of methylene blue
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