Abstract
The logistics sector in France is emblematic of contemporary labor processes in the service sector, where working conditions are at the root of a long-term, but silent, health crisis. Although the unionization of French logistics workers has gained some strength since the early 2000s, struggles over wages and working conditions remained segmented and local, and were unable to contain the progressive casualization of the employment or to counter the intensification of work. This article is a reflection on the fragmented and low-intensity conflictuality of the French logistics sector. Drawing on three ethnographic studies and on quantitative data, we analyze labor conflicts in various segments of the warehouse industry during the last decade in France, and identify some of the limits of French trade union strategies toward organizing logistics workers. We show that the massive use of temporary work and the weakness of the efforts made by traditional trade unions federations prevent the emergence of a larger labor movement in the sector. We argue that the fragmentation and the very high turnover that characterizes the French warehouse industry should encourage trade unions to invest more resources, often local and rooted in logistics zones, from outside the workplace.
References
Alimahomed-Wilson, J., and I. Ness. 2018. Choke Points: Logistics Workers Disrupting the Global Supply Chain. London: Pluto.10.2307/j.ctt21kk1v2Search in Google Scholar
Amossé, T., and J. Forth. 2016. “Employee Expression and Representation at Work: Voice or Exit?” In Comparative Workplace Employment Relations, edited by A. Thomas, A. Bryson, J. Forth, and H. Petit, 61–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/978-1-137-57419-0_3Search in Google Scholar
Barbier, C., and C. Cuny. 2020. “Une cité logistique fragmentée. Intégration et segmentation du groupe ouvrier dans trois entrepôts en France et en Allemagne.” Critique internationale 87: 33–55.10.3917/crii.087.0033Search in Google Scholar
Beaud, S., and M. Pialoux. 1999. Retour sur la condition ouvrière. Enquête aux usines Peugeot de Sochaux-Montbéliard. Paris: La découverte.Search in Google Scholar
Belkacem, R., C. Kornig, C. Nosbone, F. Michon, and François. 2014. “Mobiliser, défendre les intérimaires. Les difficultés de l’action syndicale.” La Revue de l’Ires 83: 3–28, https://doi.org/10.3917/rdli.083.0003.Search in Google Scholar
Benvegnù, C., and D. Gaborieau. 2018. “Logistical Meanderings. When Working Class Mobility Transits Through the Warehouse.” In Où va la France populaire? edited by N. Duvoux, and C. Lomba. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Search in Google Scholar
Benvegnù, C. 2018. “Nelle officine della circolazione. Un’etnografia del lavoro logistico tra il Grand Paris e la metropoli diffusa veneta.” PhD diss. University of Paris 8 and University of Padua.Search in Google Scholar
Benvegnù, C. 2019. “Fractures ouvrières et contestations dans la crise : les travailleurs migrants dans les entrepôts de logistique de Padoue.” In Crises et mondes du travail, edited by A.-M. Arborio, P. Bouffartigue, and A. Lamanthe, 147–57. Octarès: Toulouse.Search in Google Scholar
Benvegnù, C., and D. Gaborieau. 2020. “Les mondes logistiques. De l’analyse globale des flux à l’analyse située des pratiques de travail et d’emploi.” Travail et emploi 162 (3): 5–22, doi:https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.10070.Search in Google Scholar
Benvegnù, C., and L. Tranchant. 2020. “Warehousing consent? Mobilité de la main-d’œuvre et stratégies syndicales au principe d’une conflictualité différenciée dans les entrepôts italiens et français.” Travail et emploi 162: 47–70, doi:https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.10134.Search in Google Scholar
Béroud, S., C. Dupuy, M. Kahmann, and K. Yon. 2019. “La difficile prise en charge par les syndicats français de la cause des ‘jeunes travailleurs’.” La Revue de l’Ires 99: 91–119.10.3917/rdli.099.0091Search in Google Scholar
Bonacich, E., and J. B. Wilson. 2008. Getting the Goods: Ports, Labor, and the Logistics Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Brook, P., and C. Purcell. 2020. “The Resistible Rise of the Temporary Employment Industry in France.” Economic and Industrial Democracy 41 (1): 121–44, https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17695439.Search in Google Scholar
Cowen, D. 2014. The Deadly Life of Logistics: Mapping Violence in Global Trade. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.10.5749/minnesota/9780816680870.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Frege, C., and J. Kelly. 2004. Varieties of Unionism: Strategies for Union Revitalization in a Globalizing Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270149.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Gaborieau, D. 2012. “Le nez dans le micro. Répercussions du travail sous commande vocale dans les entrepôts de la grande distribution alimentaire.” La nouvelle revue du travail 1.10.4000/nrt.240Search in Google Scholar
Gaborieau, D. 2015. “Santé au travail et guidage vocale dans les entrepôts de la grande distribution.” In Les Risques du travail. Pistes critiques et pratiques, edited by A. Thébaud-Mony, P. Davezies, L. Vogel, and S. Volkoff, 219–22. Paris: La Découverte.10.3917/dec.theba.2015.01.0219Search in Google Scholar
Gaborieau, D. 2016. “Des usines à colis: trajectoire ouvrière des entrepôts de la grande distribution.” PhD diss. University of Panthéon-Sorbonne.Search in Google Scholar
Giraud, B., K. Yon, and S. Béroud. 2018. Sociologie politique du syndicalisme. Introduction à l’analyse sociologique des syndicats. Paris: Armand Colin.10.3917/arco.berou.2018.01Search in Google Scholar
Gutelius, B. 2015. “Disarticulating Distribution: Labor Segmentation and Subcontracting in Global Logistics.” Geoforum 60: 53–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.01.009.Search in Google Scholar
Hocquelet, M. 2020. “The Impact of Digital Technology on Skills in Logistics Warehouses.” Training & Employment 145.Search in Google Scholar
Massimo, F. S. 2020. “A Struggle for Bodies and Souls: Amazon Management and Union Strategies in France and Italy.” In The Cost of Free Shipping: Amazon in the Global Economy, edited by J. Alimahomed-Wilson, and E. Reese, 129–45. London: Pluto.10.2307/j.ctv16zjhcj.15Search in Google Scholar
Nizzoli, C. 2017. “Quel renouveau pour le syndicalisme contemporain?” Chronique Internationale de l’IRES 160: 3–18, doi:https://doi.org/10.3917/chii.160.0003.Search in Google Scholar
Ocqueteau, F., and J.-C. Thoenig. 1997. “Mouvements sociaux et action publique: le transport routier de marchandises.” Sociologie du travail 39 (4): 397–423, https://doi.org/10.3406/sotra.1997.2326.Search in Google Scholar
Ovetz, R. 2020. Workers’ Inquiry and Global Class Struggle: Strategies, Tactics, Objectives. London: Pluto.10.2307/j.ctv17ppcfhSearch in Google Scholar
Raimbault, N. 2014. “Gouverner le développement logistique de la métropole : périurbanisation, planification et compétition métropolitaine, le cas du bassin parisien et éclairages étrangers.” PhD diss. University Paris-Est.Search in Google Scholar
Rivoal, H. 2019. “Entre contraintes du flux et logiques sanitaires. Recompositions et maintien de l’hégémonie masculine dans une grande entreprise de distribution.” Sociétés contemporaines 113: 85–111, https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.113.0085.Search in Google Scholar
Rivoal, H. 2021. La fabrique des masculinités au travail. Paris: La Dispute.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, C. 2006. “The Double Indeterminacy of Labour Power: Labour Effort and Labour Mobility.” Work, Employment and Society 20 (2): 389–402, https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017006065109.Search in Google Scholar
Tranchant, L. 2018. “L’intérim de masse comme vecteur de disqualification professionnelle. Le cas des emplois ouvriers de la logistique.” Travail et emploi 155 & 156: 115–40, doi:https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.8667.Search in Google Scholar
Tranchant, L. 2019. “Les ouvriers du déplacement Travail en entrepôt et recompositions du salariat populaire en France (1980–2018).” PhD diss. Ecole de hautes études en sciences sociales.Search in Google Scholar
Volkoff, S., and A. Thébaud-Mony. 2000. “Santé au travail: l’inégalité des parcours.” In Les inégalités sociales de santé, edited by D. Fassin, 349–61. Paris: La Découverte.10.3917/dec.fassi.2000.01.0349Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editors’ Forums
- Workers’ Movements and the Global Supply Chain: Introduction
- Supply Chain Organizing as a Worker-led Strategy for Trade: A Case Study of Unite the Union
- Automation Processes in the Port Industry and Union Strategies: The Case of Antwerp
- Toward Degrowth: Worker Power, Surveillance Abolition, and Climate Justice at Amazon
- Fragmented But Widespread Microconflicts: Current Limits and Future Possibilities for Organizing Precarious Workers in the French Logistics Sector
- Global Justice Advocacy, Trade Unions, and the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany
- Reportage
- Supply Chain Workers’ Inquiries: Class Struggle along Value Chains
- Book Reviews
- John M. Hobson: Multicultural Origins of the Global Economy: Beyond the Western-Centric Frontier
- Benjamin D. Hopkins: Ruling the Savage Periphery: Frontier Governance and the Making of the Modern State
- Daniel Palm: Seizing the Square. 1989 Protests in China and Germany from a Global Perspective
- Peter Svik: Civil Aviation and the Globalization of the Cold War
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editors’ Forums
- Workers’ Movements and the Global Supply Chain: Introduction
- Supply Chain Organizing as a Worker-led Strategy for Trade: A Case Study of Unite the Union
- Automation Processes in the Port Industry and Union Strategies: The Case of Antwerp
- Toward Degrowth: Worker Power, Surveillance Abolition, and Climate Justice at Amazon
- Fragmented But Widespread Microconflicts: Current Limits and Future Possibilities for Organizing Precarious Workers in the French Logistics Sector
- Global Justice Advocacy, Trade Unions, and the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany
- Reportage
- Supply Chain Workers’ Inquiries: Class Struggle along Value Chains
- Book Reviews
- John M. Hobson: Multicultural Origins of the Global Economy: Beyond the Western-Centric Frontier
- Benjamin D. Hopkins: Ruling the Savage Periphery: Frontier Governance and the Making of the Modern State
- Daniel Palm: Seizing the Square. 1989 Protests in China and Germany from a Global Perspective
- Peter Svik: Civil Aviation and the Globalization of the Cold War