Home Physical Education Teachers’ Understandings of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Teaching Black Male Students
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Physical Education Teachers’ Understandings of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Teaching Black Male Students

  • Samuel R. Hodge EMAIL logo and Frankie G. Collins
Published/Copyright: July 5, 2018
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school physical education teachers’ beliefs and understandings regarding culturally relevant pedagogy and teaching Black males in urban high schools. The participants were forty Black1 and White2 physical education teachers (male = 23, 57.5 %; female = 17, 42.5 %) randomly sampled from urban high schools. The research method was descriptive survey. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire and a multidimensional attitude scale, which was constructed in the theoretical orientation of culturally relevant pedagogy. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data. The teachers held mostly favorable beliefs about teaching Black male students, but their beliefs tended to vary as a function of their gender and race/ethnic status. The findings and implications are discussed.

References

Antonak, R., & Livneh, H. (1988). The measurement of attitudes toward people with disabilities: Methods, psychometrics, and scales. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.Search in Google Scholar

Ary, D., Jacobs, L., Razavieh, A., & Sorenson, C. (2006). Introduction to research in education (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Search in Google Scholar

Aud, S., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Kristapovich, P., Rathbun, A., Wang, X., & Zhang, J. (2013). The Condition of education 2013 (NCES 2013-037). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearchSearch in Google Scholar

Banks, J. A. (2006). Democracy, diversity, and social justice: Educating citizens for the public interest in a global age. In G. Ladson-Billings & W. F. Tate (Eds.), Education research in the public interest: Social justice, action, and policy, (pp. 141–157). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Search in Google Scholar

Beasley, S., Miller, I. S., & Cokley, K. (2014). Academic and psychosocial development of African American males in preK-12 settings. In J. L. Moore III & C. W. Lewis (Eds.), African American males in preK-12 schools: Informing research, practice, and policy (Vol. 2, pp. 1–25). United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.10.1108/S2051-231720140000002019Search in Google Scholar

Bridges, T. (2011). Towards a pedagogy of hip hop in urban teacher education. The Journal of Negro Education, 80(3), 325–338.Search in Google Scholar

Brooms, D. R. (2014). “Trying to find self”: Promoting excellence and building community among African American males. In J. L. Moore III & C. W. Lewis (Eds.), African American males in preK-12 schools: Informing research, practice, and policy (Vol. 2, pp. 61–86). United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.10.1108/S2051-231720140000002021Search in Google Scholar

Burden, J. J., Hodge, S. R., O’Bryant, C. P., & Harrison, L. J. (2004). From colorblindness to intercultural sensitivity: Infusing diversity training in PETE programs. Quest, 56, 173–189.10.1080/00336297.2004.10491821Search in Google Scholar

Burden, J. J., Hodge, S. R., & Harrison, J. L. (2012). Teacher educators’ views about social justice pedagogies in preparing teacher candidates. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 1(1), 6–21.10.5430/jct.v1n1p6Search in Google Scholar

Burden, J. J., Hodge, S. R., & Harrison, L. J. (2015). Physical education undergraduate students’ colorblind racial ideology and perceived multicultural competence. Multicultural Learning and Teaching, 10(1), 55–75.10.1515/mlt-2013-0001Search in Google Scholar

Center for Cultural Fluency. (2013). Philosophy and assumptions. Los Angeles, CA: Mount St Mary’s College. Retrieved from http://www.msmc.la.edu/campus-resources/center-for-cultural-fluency/philosophy-and-assumptions.aspSearch in Google Scholar

Chepyator-Thomson, J. R., You, J., & Russell, J. (2000). In-service physical education teachers: Background and understanding of multicultural education. Journal of In-Service Education, 26, 557–568.10.1080/13674580000200143Search in Google Scholar

Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (1999). Relationships of knowledge and practice: Teacher learning in communities. Review of Research in Education, 24, 249–305.10.3102/0091732X024001249Search in Google Scholar

Columna, L., Foley, J. T., & Lytle, R. K. (2010). Physical education teachers’ and teacher candidates’ attitudes toward cultural pluralism. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 29, 295–311.10.1123/jtpe.29.3.295Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, R., & Jordan, W. J. (2003). Cultural issues in comprehensive school reform. Urban Education, 38, 380–397.10.1177/0042085903038004003Search in Google Scholar

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.10.1007/BF02310555Search in Google Scholar

Culp, B. O., Chepyator-Thomson, J. R., & Shan-Hui, H. (2009). Pre-service teachers’ experiential perspectives based on a multicultural learning service practicum. Physical Educator, 66(1), 23–36.Search in Google Scholar

Decker, D. M., Dona, D. P., & Christenson, S. L. (2007). Behaviorally at-risk African American students: The importance of student-teacher relationships for student outcomes. Journal of School Psychology, 45, 83–109.10.1016/j.jsp.2006.09.004Search in Google Scholar

DeSensi, J. T. (1995). Understanding multiculturalism and valuing diversity: A theoretical perspective. Quest, 47, 34–43.10.1080/00336297.1995.10484143Search in Google Scholar

Devore, J., & Peck, R. (1993). Statistics: The exploration and analysis of data (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Duxbury.Search in Google Scholar

Donnor, J. K., & Shockley, K. G. (2010). Leaving us behind: A political economic interpretation of NCLB and the miseducation of African American males. Educational Foundations, 24, 43–54.Search in Google Scholar

Flory, S. B., & McCaughtry, N. (2011). Culturally relevant physical education in urban schools: Reflecting cultural knowledge. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(1), 49–60.10.1080/02701367.2011.10599721Search in Google Scholar

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1990). How to design and evaluate research in education. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill.Search in Google Scholar

Friedland, R. (1992). Space, place and modernity: The geographical moment. Contemporary Sociology, 21(1), 11–15.10.2307/2074695Search in Google Scholar

Gao, P. (2014a). I love to learn, but I hate to be taught. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(3), 104–107. doi:10.11114/jets.v2i3.392Search in Google Scholar

Gao, P. (2014b). Using personalized education to take the place of standardized education. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(2), 44–47. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v2i2.269Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z., Lee, A. M., & Harrison, L. (2008). Understanding students’ motivation in sport and physical education: From the expectancy-value model and self-efficacy theory perspectives. Quest, 60, 236–254.10.1080/00336297.2008.10483579Search in Google Scholar

Gardner III, R., & Miranda, A. H. (2011). Improving outcomes for urban African American students. The Journal of Negro Education, 70, 255–263.10.2307/3211278Search in Google Scholar

Gay, G. (2000). Culturally responsive teaching—Theory, research & practice. New York: Teachers College Press.Search in Google Scholar

Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(2), 106–116.10.1177/0022487102053002003Search in Google Scholar

Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

Glazier, J. A. (2003). Developing cultural fluency: Arab and Jewish students engaging in one another’s company. Harvard Educational Review, 73(2), 141–163.10.17763/haer.73.2.tr2h742325553m76Search in Google Scholar

Gregory, A., & Thompson, A. R. (2010). African American high school students and variability in behavior across classrooms. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3), 386–402.10.1002/jcop.20370Search in Google Scholar

Harper, S. R. (2015). Success in these schools? Visual counternarratives of young men of color and urban high schools they attend. Urban Education, 50(2), 139–169. doi:10.1177/0042085915569738Search in Google Scholar

Harrison, L., Carson, R., & Burden, J. (2010). Physical education teachers’ cultural competency. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 29(2), 184–198.10.1123/jtpe.29.2.184Search in Google Scholar

Haymes, S. N. (2003). Toward a pedagogy of place for Black urban struggle. The critical pedagogy reader (pp. 211–237). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, S. R., Burden, J. J., Robinson, L., & Bennett, R. A., . I. I. I. (2008). Theorizing on the stereotyping of Black male student-athletes: Issues and implications. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletics in Education, 2(2), 203–226.10.1179/ssa.2008.2.2.203Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, S. R., & Faison-Hodge, J. (2010). Teacher preparation and conceptions of teacher learning in physical education. Chronicle of Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education, 21(3), 8–19.Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, S. R., & James-Hassan, M. (2014). African American males and physical education. In J. L. Moore III & C. W. Lewis (Eds.), African American males in preK-12 schools: Informing research, practice, and policy (Vol. 2, pp. 305–344). United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.10.1108/S2051-231720140000002032Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, S. R., Lieberman, L. J., & Murata, N. M. (2012). Essentials of teaching adapted physical education: Diversity, culture, and inclusion. Scottsdale, AZ: Holcomb Hathaway.Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, S. R., & Vigo-Valentín, A. (2014). Health, nutrition, and physical activity. In H. R. Milner IV & K. Lomotey (Eds.), Handbook of urban education (pp. 50–71). New York, NY: Routledge Press.Search in Google Scholar

Howard, T. C. Associates. (2017). The counter narrative: Reframing success of high achieving Black and Latino males in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles. UCLA Black Male Institute.Search in Google Scholar

Hsu, S., & Chepyator-Thomson, R. (2010). Multiculturalism in secondary school physical education textbooks. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 29, 199–220.10.1123/jtpe.29.2.199Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, S., Burke, J., & Gielen, A. (2012). Urban students’ perceptions of the school environment’s influence on school violence. Children & Schools, 34(2), 92–102. doi:10.1093/cs/cds016Search in Google Scholar

Jones, S., & Woglom, J. F. (2013). Teaching bodies in place. Teachers College Record, 115(8), 1–29.10.1007/978-94-6300-744-3_6Search in Google Scholar

Katz, L. G. (1972). Developmental stages of preschool teachers. The Elementary School Journal, 73, 50–54.10.1086/460731Search in Google Scholar

Kohl, H. (1999). I won’t learn from you: And other thoughts on creative maladjustment. Minneapolis, MN: Milkweed Editions.Search in Google Scholar

Kozol, J. (2005). Still separate, still unequal. Harper’s Magazine, 311, 41–54.10.4324/9780429495670-36Search in Google Scholar

Ladson-Billings, G. (1995a). But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory Into Practice, 34(3), 159–165.10.1080/00405849509543675Search in Google Scholar

Ladson-Billings, G. (1995b). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465–491.10.3102/00028312032003465Search in Google Scholar

Ladson-Billings, G. (2000). Fighting for our lives: Preparing teachers to teach African American students. Journal of Teacher Education, 51, 206–214.10.1177/0022487100051003008Search in Google Scholar

Ladson-Billings, G. (2006). Yes, but how do we do it? Practicing culturally relevant pedagogy. In J. Landsman & C. W. Lewis (Eds.), White teachers/diverse classrooms: A guide to building inclusive schools, promoting high expectations, and eliminating racism (pp. 29–42). Sterling, VA: Stylus.10.1080/00131940701634718Search in Google Scholar

Ladson-Billings, G. (2014). Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: A.k.a. the remix. Harvard Educational Review, 84(1), 74–84.10.17763/haer.84.1.p2rj131485484751Search in Google Scholar

Levin, J. (1983). Elementary statistics in social research (3rd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Search in Google Scholar

Love, A. (2001). Teachers’ beliefs and their relationship to student achievement in two African American urban schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, Atlanta.Search in Google Scholar

Love, A., & Kruger, A. C. (2005). Teacher beliefs and student achievement in urban schools serving African American students. The Journal of Education Leadership, 99, 87–98.10.3200/JOER.99.2.87-98Search in Google Scholar

Mavi, F., & Sharpe, T. (2000). Reviewing the literature on teacher and coach expectations with implications for future research and practices. Physical Educator, 57, 161–164.Search in Google Scholar

McCaughtry, N., Barnard, S., Martin, J., Shen, B., & Hodges Kulinna, P. (2006). Teachers’ perspectives on the challenges of teaching physical education in urban schools: The student emotional filter. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(4), 486–497.10.1080/02701367.2006.10599383Search in Google Scholar

Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). New York, NY: Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Moore-Thomas, C., & Day-Vines, N. (2010). Culturally competent collaboration: School counselors collaborating with African American families and communities. Professional School Counseling, 14, 53–63.10.5330/prsc.14.1.0876387q7466x634Search in Google Scholar

National Education Association. (2011). Race against time: Educating black boys. Focus on Blacks. Retrieved from http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/educatingblackboys11rev.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Robinson, D. V., Vega, D., Moore, J. L., Mayes, R. D., & Robinson, J. R. (2014). Chutes and ladders: Young African American males navigating potholes to achieve academic success. In J. L. Moore III & C. W. Lewis (Eds.), African American males in preK-12 schools: Informing research, practice, and policy (Vol. 2, pp. 107–124). United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.10.1108/S2051-231720140000002023Search in Google Scholar

Schott Foundation for Public Education. (2015). Black Lives Matter: The Schott 50 state report on public education and Black males. Retrieved from http://blackboysreport.org/#facts.Search in Google Scholar

Shavelson, R. J. (1988). Statistical reasoning for the behavioral sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Search in Google Scholar

Society of Health and Physical Educators: America. (2014). National standards & grade-level outcomes for K-12 physical education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Search in Google Scholar

Somerville, M., Davies, B., Power, K., Gannon, S., & De Carteret, P. (2011). Place pedagogy change. Rotterdam, Boston: Sense.10.1007/978-94-6091-615-1Search in Google Scholar

Sparks, W., Butt, K., & Pahnos, M. (1996). Multicultural education in physical education: A study of knowledge, attitudes, and experiences. Physical Educator, 3, 73–86.Search in Google Scholar

Staats, C., Capatosto, K., Wright, R. A., & Contractor, D. (2015). State of the science: Implicit bias review 2015. Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. Retrieved from http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015-kirwan-implicit-bias.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Steele, C. M. (1992). Race and schooling of Black Americans. The Atlantic online. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1992/04/race-and-the-schooling-ofblack-americans/306073/Search in Google Scholar

Swindler Boutte, G., & Hill, E. L. (2006). African American communities: Implications for culturally relevant teaching. The New Educator, 2(4), 311–329. doi:10.1080/15476880600974875Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, E.E., & Warren, C. A. (2017). Making it relevant: How a black male teacher sustained professional relationships through culturally responsive discourse. Race Ethnicity and Education, 20(1), 87–100. doi:10.1080/13613324.2015.1121217Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, J. R., & Nelson, J. K. (2001). Research methods in physical activity (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Search in Google Scholar

Timken, G. L., & Watson, D. (2010). Teaching all kids: Valuing students through culturally responsive and inclusive practice. In J. Lund & D. Tannehill (Eds.), Standard-based physical education curriculum development (2nd ed., pp. 122–153). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.Search in Google Scholar

Villegas, A. M., & Lucas, T. (2002). Educating culturally responsive teachers: A coherent approach. SUNY series, teacher preparation and development. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Vincent, W. J. (1995). Statistics in kinesiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Search in Google Scholar

Young, C. Y., Wright, J. V., & Laster, J. (2005). Instructing African American students. Education, 125, 516–524.Search in Google Scholar

Young, E. (2010). Challenges to conceptualizing and actualizing culturally relevant pedagogy: How viable is the theory in classroom practice?. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(3), 248–260.10.1177/0022487109359775Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2018-07-05

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 8.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mlt-2015-0016/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button