Home Call for a New Analytical Model for Law and Development
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Call for a New Analytical Model for Law and Development

  • Yong-Shik Lee EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 10, 2015

Abstract

For decades, scholars in law and development have studied interactions and dynamics among institutions, legal rules, and development. However, a comprehensive analytical framework in law and development, one which assesses the impact of law, legal frameworks, and institutions (LFIs) on economic development in key areas, is yet to be developed. This is partly because existing law and development study has focused on the manner in which international aid organizations, such as the World Bank, have provided support in relation to law and development, the agendas that they have pursued, and the issues that have been created, while relatively less attention has been given to the needs of developing countries to develop appropriate legal rules and institutions with due consideration to the local conditions which may not make direct “transplants” workable. To address the need, two preliminary but important tasks must be performed: one is to identify the “key areas” subject to state regulation that are directly relevant to economic development. The other is to develop proper methodology to assess the impact of LFIs on economic development. This article recounts the evolution of law and development studies for the past four decades, examines the necessity and feasibility of developing the Analytical Law and Development Model, or “ADM,” and considers relevant methodology issues. This article serves as a foundational work for the development of the ADM.

Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to prominent scholars, including Prof. Frank Upham (NYU School of Law), Prof. Simon Deakin (University of Cambridge), Prof. Hans-Bernd Schäfer (University of Hamburg), Prof. Joel Trachtman (Tufts University), Prof. Mitsuo Matsushita (University of Tokyo, emeritus), Prof. Daniel Sokol (University of Florida), Prof. Amanda Perry-Kessaris (Kent Law School), Prof. William Hubbard (University of Chicago), Professor Colin Crawford (Tulane Law School), Professor Diogo Coutinho (University of São Paulo), Professor Iagê Zendron Miola (São Judas Tadeu University), Professor Flávio Marques Prol (Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning), Dr. Alessandro Romano, Dr. Salim Farrar (University of Sydney), Prof. Klaus Ziegert (University of Sydney), Prof. Dae-in Kim (Ewha Womans University), and Prof. Myeong-Su Yun (Tulane University), for insightful comments. The author is also indebted to his research and editorial assistants, Mr. Ajay Kumar, Mr. Robert Sroka, Dr. Tianzhu Han, Mr. Cyrus Brooks, and Ms. Jingchen Xu, for excellent assistance.

References

Ahmad, E. and N.Stern, “Taxation for Developing Countries”, in HollisChenery and T.N.Srinivasan (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics vol. 2 (North Holland, 1989).10.1016/S1573-4471(89)02007-3Search in Google Scholar

Alm, James and AsmaaEl-Ganainy, Value-added Taxation and Consumption, Tulane University Working Paper no. 1203 (2012).10.1007/s10797-012-9217-0Search in Google Scholar

Aoki, Masohiko, Information, Corporate Governance, and Institutional Diversity (Oxford University Press, 2000).Search in Google Scholar

Aoki, Masohiko, Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis (MIT Press, 2001).10.7551/mitpress/6867.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Baland, J., DaniRodrik, and M.R.Rosenzweig (eds.), Governance and Development, Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 5 (North Holland, 2009).Search in Google Scholar

Belton, Rachel, Competing Definitions of the Rule of Law: Implications for Practitioner, Carnegie Papers, Rule of Law Series (2005) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), available at: <http://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP55.Belton.FINAL.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Benda-Beckmann, Franz von, Legal Pluralism and Social Justice in Economic and Political Development, 32Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, no. 1 (2001).10.1111/j.1759-5436.2001.mp32001006.xSearch in Google Scholar

Bergstein, Jonas, Foreign Investment in Uruguay: A Law and Development Perspective, 20University of Miami Inter-American Law Review (1989).Search in Google Scholar

Bernstein, David, Freedom of Contract, George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper no. 08-51 (2008).Search in Google Scholar

Beseley, T. and M.Gothak, “Property Rights and Economic Development”, in DaniRodrik and M.R.Rosenzweig (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 5 (North Holland, 2009).Search in Google Scholar

Blume, Lorenz and StefanVoigt, The Economic Effects of Human Rights, 60Kyklos, no. 4 (2007).10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00383.xSearch in Google Scholar

Brauner, Yariv and MirandaStewart (eds.), Taxation, Law and Development (Edward Elgar, 2013).Search in Google Scholar

Carothers, Thomas, The Rule of Law Revival, Foreign Affairs (March/April 1998), available at: <http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53809/thomas-carothers/the-rule-of-law-revival>, accessed 6 September 2014.10.2307/20048791Search in Google Scholar

Carroll, Archie B., A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance, 4Academy of Management Review (1979).10.2307/257850Search in Google Scholar

Chang, Ha-Joon, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (London: Anthem Press, 2002).Search in Google Scholar

Chesterman, Simon, An International Rule of Law?56The American Journal of Comparative Law, no. 2 (2008).10.5131/ajcl.2007.0009Search in Google Scholar

Chibundu, Maxwell, Law in Development: On Tapping, Gourding and Serving Palm-Wine, 29Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, no. 2 (1997).Search in Google Scholar

Chinkin, C.M., The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law, 38International and Comparative Law Quarterly, no. 4 (1989).Search in Google Scholar

Chua, Amy, Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity: Toward a New Paradigm for Law and Development, 108Yale Law Journal (1998).10.2307/797471Search in Google Scholar

Claessens, Stjin and LeoraKlapper, Bankruptcy Around the World: Explanations of Its Relative Use, 7American Law and Economics Review, no. 1 (2005).Search in Google Scholar

Claessens, Stjin and FabianValencia (eds.), Financial Crises: Cause, Consequences, and Policy Responses (International Monetary Fund, 2014).Search in Google Scholar

Clarke, Julie, The Increasing Criminalization of Economic Law – A Competition Law Perspective, 19Journal of Financial Crime, no. 1 (2012).10.1108/13590791211190740Search in Google Scholar

Coase, Ronald, The Nature of the Firm, 4Economica, no. 16 (1937).10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.xSearch in Google Scholar

Coase, Ronald, The Problem of Social Cost, 3Journal of Law and Economics (1960).10.1086/466560Search in Google Scholar

Coleman, Jules, The Grounds of Welfare, 112Yale Law Journal, no. 6 (2003).10.2307/3657451Search in Google Scholar

Commons, John, Institutional Economics (New York: Macmillan, 1934).Search in Google Scholar

Cooter, Robert and Hans-BerndSchafer, Solomon’s Knot: How Law Can End the Poverty of Nations (Princeton University Press, 2012).10.1515/9781400839681Search in Google Scholar

Corsetti, Giancarlo, PaoloPesenti and NourielRoubini, What Caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? Part I: A Macroeconomic Overview, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, no. 6833 (1998), available at: <http://www.nber.org/papers/w6833>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Cross, Frank, Law and Economic Growth, 80Texas Law Review (2001).Search in Google Scholar

Cross, Frank, Identifying the Virtues of the Common Law, Law and Economics Working Paper no. 063 (University of Texas, September 2005).10.2139/ssrn.812464Search in Google Scholar

Dam, Kenneth, The Law-Growth Nexus: The Rule of Law and Economic Development (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2006).Search in Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin, What Can the Rule of Law Variable Tell Us About the Rule of Law Reform?26Michigan Journal of International Law (2004).10.2139/ssrn.595142Search in Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin and MichaelTrebilcock, The Relationship between Law and Development: Optimists versus Skeptics, 56The American Journal of Comparative Law, no. 4 (2008).Search in Google Scholar

De Soto, Hernando, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else (Basic Books, 2003).Search in Google Scholar

Deakin, Simon, Legal Origin, Juridical Form and Industrialisation in Historical Perspective: The Case of the Employment Contract and the Joint-Stock Company, 4Comparative Research in Law and Political Economy, no. 7 (2008).Search in Google Scholar

Deaton, A., “Data and Econometric Tools for Development Analysis”, in J.Behrman and T.N.Srinivasan (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics Vol. 3 (North Holland, 1995).10.1016/S1573-4471(05)80005-1Search in Google Scholar

Driesen, David, Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Precautionary Principle: Can They Be Reconciled?43Michigan State Law Review (2013).Search in Google Scholar

Fraile, Lydia, Lessons from Latin America’s Neo-Liberal Experiment: An Overview of Labour and Social Policies since the 1980s, 148International Labour Review, no. 3 (2009).Search in Google Scholar

Freedman, David A., Statistical Models: Theory and Practice (Cambridge University Press, 2005).10.1017/CBO9781139165495Search in Google Scholar

Freeman, R.B., “Labor Regulations, Unions, and Social Protection in Developing Countries: Market Distortions or Efficient Institutions?”, in DaniRodrik and M.R.Rosenzweig (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 5 (North Holland, 2009).10.3386/w14789Search in Google Scholar

Friedman, Jeffrey (ed.), What Caused Financial Crisis (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010).Search in Google Scholar

Gardner, James, Legal Imperialism: American Lawyers and Foreign Aid in Latin America (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980).Search in Google Scholar

Ghai, Yash, Whose Human Right to Development? Human Rights Unit Occasional Papers 12 (Commonwealth Secretariat, November 1989).Search in Google Scholar

Gilson, Ronald, CharlesSable and RobertScott, Braiding: The Interaction of Formal and Informal Contracting in Theory, Practice and Doctrine, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper, no. 389 and Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper, no. 367 (2010).Search in Google Scholar

Godoy, Sergio and JosephStiglitz, Growth, Initial Conditions, Law and Speed of Privatization in Transition Countries: 11 Years Later, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 11992 (2006).10.3386/w11992Search in Google Scholar

Greene, William H., Econometric Analysis (Prentice Hall, 2002).Search in Google Scholar

Gupta, Sanjeev, HamidDavoodi and RosaAlonso-Terme, Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty?3Economics of Governance, no. 1 (2001).Search in Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephen and LydiaTiede, The Rule of Law and Economic Growth: Where Are We?39World Development, no. 5 (2011).10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.10.007Search in Google Scholar

Harrison, A., “Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries”, in DaniRodrik and M.R.Rosenzweig (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 5 (North Holland, 2009).10.1016/B978-0-444-52944-2.00001-XSearch in Google Scholar

Hayek, Friedrich, The Constitution of Liberty (University of Chicago Press, 1960).Search in Google Scholar

Hayek, Friedrich, Law, Legislation, and Liberty, vols. 1–3 (University of Chicago Press, 1973, 1976, 1979).10.7208/chicago/9780226321264.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Heston, Alan, RobertSummers and BettinaAten, Penn World Table Version 6.1, Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP), October 2002, available at: <http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Jain, Arvind K., Corruption: A Review, 15Journal of Economic Surveys, no. 1 (2001).Search in Google Scholar

Jung, Y.H., How Did Law Matter for Korean Economic Development?: Evidence from 1970s, paper prepared for the Korean Economic Association Conference (June 2012), available at: <http://www.kea.ne.kr/conf201206/papers/Jung%20Young%20Hoa-20120530.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Kadish, Sanford H., Some Observations on the Use of Criminal Sanctions in Enforcing Economic Regulations, 30The University of Chicago Law Review, no. 3 (1963).10.2307/1598571Search in Google Scholar

Kaldor, Nicholas, Taxation for Economic Development, 9The Journal of Modern African Studies, no. 1 (1963).10.1017/S0022278X00000689Search in Google Scholar

Kauffman, Daniel, Rule of Law Matters: Unorthodoxy in Brief, Brookings Report, 21 January 2010, available at: <http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2010/01/21-governance-kaufmann>.Search in Google Scholar

Keefer, Philip and StephenKnack, Why Don’t Poor Countries Catch Up? A Cross-National Test of an Institutional Explanation, 35Economic Inquiry, no. 3 (1997).10.1111/j.1465-7295.1997.tb02035.xSearch in Google Scholar

Kennedy, David, DavidTrubek and AlbaroSantos (eds.), The Rule of Law, Political Choices, and Development Common Sense, The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).10.1017/CBO9780511754425.004Search in Google Scholar

DavisKevin and MichaelTrebilcock, Legal Reforms and Development, 12Third World Quarterly, no. 1 (2001).10.1080/713701142Search in Google Scholar

Khan, Hider A., Global Markets and Financial Crises in Asia (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).10.1057/9780230000797Search in Google Scholar

Kim, Duol (ed.), History of Economic Laws in Korea: From Liberation to Present, vol. 1 (Seoul: Haenam Publishing Co., 2011).Search in Google Scholar

Kose, M.A., “Financial Globalization and Economic Policies”, in DaniRodrik and M.R.Rosenzweig (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, vol. 5 (North Holland, 2009).10.1016/B978-0-444-52944-2.00003-3Search in Google Scholar

Kossick, Robert, The Rule of Law and Development in Mexico, 21Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law (2004).Search in Google Scholar

Kuran, Timur, “The Scale of Entrepreneurship in Middle Eastern History: Inhibitive Roles of Islamic Institutions”, in William J.Baumol, David S.Landes and JoelMokyr (eds.), Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Economic History (Princeton University Press, 2010).Search in Google Scholar

Kutubi, Shawgat S., Combating Money-Laundering by the Financial Institutions: An Analysis of Challenges and Efforts in Bangladesh, 1World Journal of Social Sciences, no. 2 (2011).Search in Google Scholar

Kwon, Youngjoon and Yong-ShikLee, Legal Analysis of Traditional Leasehold in Korea (Chonsegwon) from Comparative Legal Perspective, 29Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, no. 2 (2012).Search in Google Scholar

La Porta, Raphel, FlorencioLopez-de-Silanes, AndreiShleifer and RobertVishny (LLSV), Law and Finance, 106Journal of Political Economy, no. 6 (1998).10.1086/250042Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Yong-Shik, Reclaiming Development in the World Trading System (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Yong-Shik et al. (eds.), Law and Development Perspective on International Trade Law (Cambridge University Press, 2011).Search in Google Scholar

LLSV, Investor Protection and Corporate Governance, 58Journal of Financial Economics (2000).10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00065-9Search in Google Scholar

LLSV, Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation, 57Journal of Finance, no. 3 (2002).10.1111/1540-6261.00457Search in Google Scholar

LLSV, The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins, 46Journal of Economic Literature, no. 2 (2008).10.1257/jel.46.2.285Search in Google Scholar

Maggio, Giuseppe, AlessandroRomano and AngelaTroisi, The Legal Origin of Income Inequality, 7Law and Development Review, no. 1 (2014).10.1515/ldr-2014-0003Search in Google Scholar

Mah, Jai S., Export Promotion Policies, Export Composition and Economic Development of Korea, 4The Law and Development Review, no. 2 (2011).10.2202/1943-3867.1090Search in Google Scholar

McInerney, Thomas, Law and Development as Democratic Practice, 37Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (2005).Search in Google Scholar

Merryman, Jon Henry, Comparative Law and Social Change: On the Origins, Style, Decline & Revival of the Law and Development Movement, 25The American Journal of Comparative Law (1977).Search in Google Scholar

Finger,J. Michael, The WTO’s Special Burden on Less Developed Countries, 19Cato Journal, no. 3 (2000).Search in Google Scholar

Mwabu, G., “Health Economics for Low-Income Countries”, in T.Paul Schultz and JohnStrauss (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics vol. 4 (North Holland, 2008).Search in Google Scholar

Newsis, Minister of Legislation (Announces) Exports of Advanced Korean Legal Systems (in Korean), Joongang Daily News (16 April 2013), available at: <http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=11247168&ctg=1203>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

North, Douglas C., Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press, 1990).10.1017/CBO9780511808678Search in Google Scholar

North, Douglas C., Institutions, 5Journal of Economic Perspectives, no. 1 (1991).10.1257/jep.5.1.97Search in Google Scholar

Ohnesorge, John, Developing Development Theory: Law and Development Orthodoxies and the Northeast Asian Experience, 28University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, no. 2 (2006).Search in Google Scholar

Oman, Charles P., Corporate Governance and National Development, OECD Development Centre Working Paper no. 180 (October 2001).Search in Google Scholar

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Tax Incentives for Investment – A Global Perspective: Experiences in MENA and non-MENA Countries 10 (2007), available at: <http://www.oecd.org/mena/investment/38758855.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Introductory Handbook for Undertaking Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA), Version 1.0, October 2008, at 3, available at: <http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/44789472.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Pande, R., “Understanding Political Corruption in Low Income Countries”, in T.Paul Schultz and JohnStrauss (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics vol. 4 (North Holland, 2008).Search in Google Scholar

Pearl, Judea, Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (Cambridge University Press, 2000).Search in Google Scholar

Pistor, Katharina and ChenggangXu, Governing Stock Markets in Transition Economies: Lessons from China, 7American Law and Economics Review, no. 1 (2005).Search in Google Scholar

Posner, Richard A., Creating a Legal Framework for Economic Development, 13The World Bank Observer, no. 1 (1998).10.1093/wbro/13.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Posner, Richard A., Economic Analysis of Law, (7th ed., New York: Aspen Publishers, 2007).Search in Google Scholar

Prado, Mariana, Institutional Bypass: An Alternative for Development Reform (19 April 2011), text available on SSRN at: <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1815442>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Rodrik, Dani, Institutions for High-Quality Growth: What They Are and How to Acquire Them, 35Studies in Comparative International Development, no. 3 (2000).Search in Google Scholar

Rodrik, Dani, “Introduction: What Do We Learn from Country Narratives?” in DaniRodrik (ed.), In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narratives on Economic Growth (Princeton University Press, 2005).Search in Google Scholar

Rose, Carol, The “New” Law and Development Movement in the Post-Cold War Era: A Vietnam Case Study, 32Law and Society Review (1998).10.2307/827750Search in Google Scholar

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, Corruption and Development (1997), paper prepared for the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economies, Washington, DC, 40.Search in Google Scholar

Rostow, W.W., The Stages of Economic Growth (Cambridge University Press, 1962).Search in Google Scholar

Rowe, Peter G. (ed.), A City and Its Stream: An Appraisal of Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project and Its Environs in Seoul, South Korea (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2010).Search in Google Scholar

Rutherford, Malcolm, Institutional Economics: Then and Now, 15Journal of Economic Perspectives, no. 3 (2001).Search in Google Scholar

Santiso, Carlos, Good Governance and Aid Effectiveness: The World Bank and Conditionality, 7The Georgetown Public Policy Review, no. 1 (2001).Search in Google Scholar

Santos, Alvaros, Labor Flexibility, Legal Reform and Economic Development, 50Virginia Journal of International Law, no. 1 (2009).Search in Google Scholar

Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).Search in Google Scholar

Singh, Aparna Shivpuri, Banking and Financial System in GMS Countries, Its Relationship to Economic Development, Hanoi Resource Centre, Policy Brief (September 2007), available at: <http://cuts-international.org/HRC/pdf/PB-9-07.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Sokol, Daniel, Thomas K.Cheng and IoannisLianos (eds.), Competition Law and Development (Stanford University Press, 2013).Search in Google Scholar

Strittmatter, Anthony and UweSunde, Health and Economic Development – Evidence from the Introduction of Public Health Care, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economics, Discussion Paper no. 2011-32, August 2011, available at: <http://www1.vwa.unisg.ch/RePEc/usg/econwp/EWP-1132.pdf>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Suliman, Osman, China’s Transition to a Socialist Market Economy (Praeger, 1998).Search in Google Scholar

Tadelis, Steven and OliverWilliamson, Transaction Cost Economics (12 March 2012), available at: < http://ssrn.com/abstract=2020176>.10.2139/ssrn.2020176Search in Google Scholar

Tamanaha, Brian, The Lessons of Law-and-Development Studies, 89American Journal of International Law (1995).10.2307/2204226Search in Google Scholar

Tamanaha, Brian, The Primacy of Society and the Failures of Law and Development, 44Cornell International Law Journal (2011).Search in Google Scholar

Tanzi, Vito and HamidDavoodi, “Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth”, in HirofumiShibata and ToshihiroIhori (eds.), The Welfare State, Public Investment and Growth (Springer, 1998).10.1007/978-4-431-67939-4_4Search in Google Scholar

Tanzi, Vito, Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures, International Monetary Fund Staff Papers (1998).Search in Google Scholar

Torriti, Jacopo and Ragnar E.Löfstedt, The First Five Years of the EU Impact Assessment System: A Risk Economics Perspective on Gaps between Rationale and Practice, 15Journal of Risk Research, no. 2 (2012).Search in Google Scholar

Trebilcock, Michael, The Limits of Freedom of Contract (Harvard University Press, 1997).Search in Google Scholar

Trebilcock, Michael and JingLeng, The Role of Formal Contract Law and Enforcement in Economic Development, 92Virginia Law Review (2006).Search in Google Scholar

Trubek, David, DiogoCouhinto and MarioShapiro (eds.), New State Activism in Brazil and the Challenge for Law, in Law and the New Developmental State: The Brazilian Experience in Latin American Context (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).10.1017/CBO9781139381888.003Search in Google Scholar

Trubek, David and MarcGalanter, Scholars in Self-Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States, 4Wisconsin Law Review (1974).Search in Google Scholar

Trubek, David and AlvaroSantos, The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).10.1017/CBO9780511754425Search in Google Scholar

Trubek, David, Law and Development 50 Years On, University of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper no. 1212 (October 2012), available at: <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2161899>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

United Nations, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, General Assembly Resolution 42/187 (11 December 1987).Search in Google Scholar

United Nations, High-level Event of the General Assembly on the Contributions of Human Rights and the Rule of Law in the Post-2015 Development Agenda (9–10 June 2014), available at: <http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/68/settingthestage/5hrrol.shtml>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

United States International Trade Commission, USITC PUB. 3452, U.S.-KOREA FTA: The Economic Impact of Establishing a Free Trade Agreement (“FTA”) between the United States and the Republic of Korea (Inv. No. 332-425, 2001).Search in Google Scholar

Upham, Frank, Mythmaking in the Rule of Law Orthodoxy, Carnegie Papers (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), available at: <http://carnegieendowment.org/files/wp30.pdf>, accessed 14 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Veblen, Thorstein, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (New York: Macmillan, 1915).Search in Google Scholar

Weber, Max, Law in Economy and Society (translated by Max Rheinstein) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954).Search in Google Scholar

Weber, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: Charles Scribner, 1958).Search in Google Scholar

World Bank, Country and Lending Groups, available at: <http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

World Bank, Rwanda Overview, available at: <http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda/overview>.Search in Google Scholar

World Justice Project, Rule of Law Index 2014, 24–25, available at: <http://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index>, accessed 6 September 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Xu, Guangdong, Property Rights, Law, and Economic Development, 6Law and Development Review, no. 1 (2013).10.1515/ldr-2013-0004Search in Google Scholar

Yang, Lixia, ShaofengYuan and LeSun, The Relationships between Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution Based on Time Series Data: An Empirical Study of Zhejiang Province, 7Journal of Cambridge Studies, no. 1 (2012).Search in Google Scholar

Yasuda, Nobuyuki, Law and Development in ASEAN Countries, 10ASEAN Economic Bulletin, no. 2 (1993).10.1355/AE10-2BSearch in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2015-6-10
Published in Print: 2015-6-1

©2015 Law and Development Review

Downloaded on 7.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ldr-2015-0011/html
Scroll to top button