Concentration and temperature measurements by means of Raman spectroscopy in case of condensation with non-condensable gas
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M. Goldbrunner
Abstract
Condensation in presence of non-condensable gas is safety relevant in case of loss-of-coolant accidents in pressurised water reactors. Non-condensable gas reduces the heat and mass transfer in the vapour phase, especially with low steam velocities. Insufficient heated emergency core cooling water can cause thermal shocks at the reactor pressure vessel for example. Within the scope of a research project supported by the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft (BMWI) experiments have been performed to study the effect of non condensable gases on direct contact condensation at horizontal stratified steam/water flow. The paper presents the laser-optical measurement technique linear Raman spectroscopy for determination of concentration profiles in the vapour phase and temperature profiles in the liquid phase with high local resolution. The film theory, described in this paper, allows the approximation of these measured concentration profiles and therefore the calculation of local heat and mass transfer. If homogenous condensation occurs, the fog density in the vapour phase can also be estimated by means of Raman spectroscopy. Steady state and transient experiments are presented.
Abstract
Die Kondensation von Dampf in Anwesenheit eines nichtkondensierbaren Gases hat sicherheitsrelevante Bedeutung bei Kühlmittelverluststörfällen in Druckwasserreaktoren. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Dampfgeschwindigkeiten reduziert das nichtkondensierbare Gas den Wärme- und Stofftransport in der Dampfphase. Unzureichend erwärmtes Notkühlwasser kann beispielsweise zu Thermoschocks an der Reaktordruckbehälterwand führen. Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft (BMWI) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurde der Einfluss nichtkondensierbarer Gase auf die Direktkontaktkondensation bei horizontaler Schichtenströmung experimentell untersucht. Es wird eine laseroptische Messmethode, die lineare Ramanspektroskopie, vorgestellt, die es erlaubt, Konzentrationsprofile in der Dampfphase und Temperaturprofile in der Wasserphase mit hoher lokaler Auflösung zu vermessen. Mit der vorgestellten Filmtheorie ist es möglich, die gemessenen Konzentrationsprofile zu approximieren und daraus lokale Wärme- und Stoffübergänge zu berechnen. Falls spontane Kondensation auftritt, können mit Hilfe der linearen Ramanspektroskopie auch Nebelintensitäten abgeschätzt werden. Stationäre und instationäre Versuchsergebnisse werden vorgestellt.
References
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© 2003 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Calendar of events · veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Editorial
- Measurement Techniques for Steady and Transient Multiphase Flows
- Effects of a flow obstacle on liquid film thickness in relation with CHF enhancement
- Books · Bücher
- Ultra-fast x-ray tomography for multi-phase flow interface dynamic studies
- Water hammer and cavitational hammer in process plant pipe systems
- Innovative transient-proof hydrostatic level measuring method
- First experiments on visualisation of two-phase high pressure and temperature flows using an ultrasonic mesh sensor
- Books · Bücher
- Concentration and temperature measurements by means of Raman spectroscopy in case of condensation with non-condensable gas
- Needle shaped conductivity probes with integrated micro-thermocouple and their application in rapid condensation experiments with non-condensable gases
- Books · Bücher
- Letter to the Editor
- The critical radius of reflected spheres
- Note · Mitteilung
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Calendar of events · veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Editorial
- Measurement Techniques for Steady and Transient Multiphase Flows
- Effects of a flow obstacle on liquid film thickness in relation with CHF enhancement
- Books · Bücher
- Ultra-fast x-ray tomography for multi-phase flow interface dynamic studies
- Water hammer and cavitational hammer in process plant pipe systems
- Innovative transient-proof hydrostatic level measuring method
- First experiments on visualisation of two-phase high pressure and temperature flows using an ultrasonic mesh sensor
- Books · Bücher
- Concentration and temperature measurements by means of Raman spectroscopy in case of condensation with non-condensable gas
- Needle shaped conductivity probes with integrated micro-thermocouple and their application in rapid condensation experiments with non-condensable gases
- Books · Bücher
- Letter to the Editor
- The critical radius of reflected spheres
- Note · Mitteilung
