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Outcomes from birth to 6 months of publicly insured infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the United States

  • Tina L. Schuh ORCID logo , Leena B. Mithal ORCID logo , Sara Naureckas , Emily S. Miller ORCID logo , Craig F. Garfield ORCID logo and Malika D. Shah ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 10, 2021
Journal of Perinatal Medicine
From the journal Journal of Perinatal Medicine Volume 50 Issue 3

Abstract

Objectives

We evaluated inpatient management, transition to home, breastfeeding, growth, and clinical outcomes of infants born to mothers diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and followed in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), that serves a diverse and low-income patient population, from birth through 6 months of life.

Methods

Infants born between 4/3/20 and 7/26/20 at Prentice Women’s Hospital with mothers who received prenatal care at Erie Family Health Center (Erie), the second largest FQHC in Illinois, and had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy were included. Data were abstracted from delivery hospital admission and outpatient follow-up appointments between 4/8/20 and 2/4/21.

Results

Thirty-three infants met inclusion criteria. Average gestational age was 38.9 weeks (IQR 37.6–40.4), 3 (10%) were premature and 5 (15%) required NICU admission. Nearly all (97%) mothers expressed intent to breastfeed. Outpatient follow-up rates were similar to historical cohorts and 82% (23/28) of infants were vaccination compliant. Growth parameters showed normal distributions at all time points. At 6 months, any and exclusive breast milk feeding rates were lower compared to historic cohorts (18 vs. 36%, p<0.05, 0 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Three infants (10%) received development-related referrals, one carried an underlying genetic diagnosis. Outpatient visits were predominantly face-to-face with telemedicine use comprising only 6% of visits (11/182).

Conclusions

Longitudinal follow-up of 33 publicly insured infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy followed in an FQHC showed high rates of follow-up and vaccination compliance, normal growth patterns and reassuring clinical status, and lower than expected rates of breastfeeding.

Keywords: COVID-19; longitudinal follow-up; perinatal outcomes; SARS-CoV-2
Corresponding author: Malika D. Shah, MD, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 250 E Superior Avenue, Suite 10-2108, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, Phone: 312 472 3776, Fax: 312 472 4099, E-mail:

Funding source: National Institutes of Health

Award Identifier / Grant number: UL1TR001422

Award Identifier / Grant number: K23 AI13933

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to acknowledge Stephanie Bararth and Laura Hurley for support in data abstraction, Erie’s Infection control team for keeping everyone safe, and the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute for funding.

  1. Research funding: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001422 and K23 AI13933).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not Applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board approved the study.

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Received: 2021-05-18
Accepted: 2021-11-29
Published Online: 2021-12-10
Published in Print: 2022-03-28

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Corner of Academy
  3. Cost of providing cell-free DNA screening for Down syndrome in Finland using different strategies
  4. Adverse perinatal outcomes following the prenatal diagnosis of isolated single umbilical artery in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  5. Original Articles – Obstetrics
  6. Perinatal outcomes in women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: comparison with contemporary and matched pre-COVID-19 controls
  7. The postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating Turkish women’s postpartum support and postpartum-specific anxiety
  8. First-line noninvasive management of cytomegalovirus primary infection in pregnancy
  9. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of clinically significant placenta accreta spectrum disorders
  10. Improved management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders: experience from a single institution
  11. A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  12. The impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy on prenatal screening
  13. Original Articles – Fetus
  14. Myocardial deformation analysis in late-onset small-for-gestational-age and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a prospective cohort study
  15. HDlive Flow Silhouette with spatiotemporal image correlation for assessment of fetal cardiac structures at 12 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation
  16. Umbilical artery pulsatility index and half-peak systolic velocity in second- and third-trimester fetuses with trisomy 18 and 13
  17. Original Articles – Neonates
  18. Pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: risk factors, mortality and duration of hospitalisation
  19. Outcomes from birth to 6 months of publicly insured infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the United States
  20. Placental findings are not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy – an 11-year single-center experience
  21. High frequency band limits in spectral analysis of heart rate variability in preterm infants
  22. Bacterial DNA detection in very preterm infants assessed for risk of early onset sepsis
  23. Short Communication
  24. Healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccination of pregnant women and those wishing to become pregnant
  25. Letter to the Editors
  26. Comment on Abdel Wahab et al.: A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  27. Re: Comment on Abdel Wahab et al.: A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  28. SARS-CoV-2 behavior, through the eyes of a perinatologist?
  29. Re: SARS-CoV-2 behavior, through the eyes of a perinatologist?
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2021-0251
Keywords for this article
COVID-19; longitudinal follow-up; perinatal outcomes; SARS-CoV-2

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Corner of Academy
  3. Cost of providing cell-free DNA screening for Down syndrome in Finland using different strategies
  4. Adverse perinatal outcomes following the prenatal diagnosis of isolated single umbilical artery in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  5. Original Articles – Obstetrics
  6. Perinatal outcomes in women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: comparison with contemporary and matched pre-COVID-19 controls
  7. The postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating Turkish women’s postpartum support and postpartum-specific anxiety
  8. First-line noninvasive management of cytomegalovirus primary infection in pregnancy
  9. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of clinically significant placenta accreta spectrum disorders
  10. Improved management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders: experience from a single institution
  11. A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  12. The impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy on prenatal screening
  13. Original Articles – Fetus
  14. Myocardial deformation analysis in late-onset small-for-gestational-age and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a prospective cohort study
  15. HDlive Flow Silhouette with spatiotemporal image correlation for assessment of fetal cardiac structures at 12 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation
  16. Umbilical artery pulsatility index and half-peak systolic velocity in second- and third-trimester fetuses with trisomy 18 and 13
  17. Original Articles – Neonates
  18. Pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: risk factors, mortality and duration of hospitalisation
  19. Outcomes from birth to 6 months of publicly insured infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the United States
  20. Placental findings are not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy – an 11-year single-center experience
  21. High frequency band limits in spectral analysis of heart rate variability in preterm infants
  22. Bacterial DNA detection in very preterm infants assessed for risk of early onset sepsis
  23. Short Communication
  24. Healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccination of pregnant women and those wishing to become pregnant
  25. Letter to the Editors
  26. Comment on Abdel Wahab et al.: A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  27. Re: Comment on Abdel Wahab et al.: A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
  28. SARS-CoV-2 behavior, through the eyes of a perinatologist?
  29. Re: SARS-CoV-2 behavior, through the eyes of a perinatologist?
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