Effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on serum thyroid auto-antibody levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis – a randomized controlled trial
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Ramachandran (Ramge) Sivakumar
,
Jayaprakash Sahoo
Abstract
Objectives
To assess the effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on thyroid auto-antibodies – thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and oxidative stress in children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) compared to standard therapy.
Methods
This open-labeled, parallel, randomized controlled trial was done in a tertiary care teaching institute in south India. Children aged 3–18 years with AITD were randomized to receive 25 mg elemental zinc daily for 12 weeks or standard therapy alone. The change in thyroid function tests (thyroid stimulating hormone, free T3, free T4), thyroid auto-antibody (TPOAb, TgAb) titers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) were compared.
Results
Forty children, 20 in each arm, were recruited in the study. We observed a female-to-male ratio of 7:1. Median duration of disease was 2 (0.25, 4.25) years. A total of 37 (92.5 %) children were hypothyroid, two hyperthyroid, and one euthyroid at enrolment. A total of 13 children (32.5 %) had associated co-morbidities, most commonly type 1 diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus, three (7.5 %) each. We did not find any significant change in thyroid function tests, thyroid auto-antibody titers, and oxidative stress markers. However, the requirement of levothyroxine dose was significantly increased in the control arm, compared to the zinc group (p=0.03). Only four (20 %) children had minor adverse effects like nausea, metallic taste, and body ache.
Conclusions
Zinc supplementation did not have any effect on thyroid auto-antibodies and oxidative stress. Zinc-supplemented children did not require escalation in levothyroxine dose.
Award Identifier / Grant number: JIP/Res/Intramural/phs 1/ 2021-22
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Research ethics: The study was approved by the Institute Ethics committee (Human studies), approval number- JIP/IEC/2020/094.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: This study was funded by Institutional Intramural Research Fund, JIPMER, Puducherry. [Grant no: JIP/Res/Intramural/phs 1/ 2021-22].
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Myoinositol or D-chiro-inositol for PCOS symptoms in adolescents: a narrative review
- Mini Review
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of central precocious puberty; a narrative review
- Original Articles
- Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity
- Lack of association between month of birth and risk of developing type 1 diabetes in Brazil: a 40-year analysis
- Review on the screening of urine glucose for early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in school children and adolescents with obesity in Hong Kong
- Effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on serum thyroid auto-antibody levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis – a randomized controlled trial
- Correlation between serum vitamin D level and uterine volume in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty
- Diagnostic model based on multiple factors for girls with central precocious puberty
- Validity and reliability of parent assessments of pubertal maturation among adolescent girls in Isfahan, Iran
- Newborn screening for primary carnitine deficiency using a second-tier genetic test
- Case Reports
- From neglect to peril: diabetic ketoacidosis unleashing colonic necrosis and perforation in an adolescent girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Unusual onset of Graves’ disease associated with thymic hyperplasia in a 5-year-old girl with congenital bilateral clinical anophthalmia: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
- Thyroid hormone resistance and large goiter mimicking infiltrative carcinoma in a pediatric patient
- Hereditary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia caused by a novel mutation in TRPM6 gene
- Letter to the Editor
- Congenital hyperinsulinism patient with ABCC8 and KCNJ11 double heterozygous variants: a case report with 6 years follow-up
