Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development
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Yun Jeong Lee
and
Seong Yong Lee
Abstract
Objectives
Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the mammary glands development; however, it also inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. We evaluated the relationship between PRL levels and puberty in girls with precocious breast development.
Methods
This study included 244 girls with breast development < 8 years of age. Patients were categorized as central precocious puberty (CPP) [peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels ≥ 5 IU/L after GnRH stimulation] versus non-CPP (NPP) group. High PRL was defined as serum PRL > 17.9 ng/mL.
Results
High PRL was more common in NPP than in CPP group (17.6 vs. 8.1%, p=0.025), although mean PRL levels did not differ. In NPP group, the high PRL group had lower peak LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and later LH peak time after GnRH stimulation than normal PRL group (all p < 0.05). PRL levels of the subgroups according to the peak LH time (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after GnRH stimulation) were different in NPP group, but not in CPP group. PRL levels tended to be higher as the peak LH time was delayed. High PRL was associated with decreased odds for CPP (OR=0.42, p=0.043).
Conclusions
Girls with NPP showed higher proportion of high PRL than CPP group. High PRL group showed more features of prepubertal response in NPP group, and associated with decreased odds for CPP, suggesting the possibility of PRL role on breast development while suppressing hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis activation in NPP girls.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission. Study concept and design (SYL); data collection (SYL, YJL); analysis and interpretation of data (SYL, YJL); original draft (YJL): review and editing (SYL, YJL).
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent from the study participants and their guardians was waived by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center.
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Ethical approval: The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center (IRB No.10-2019-69).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Effects and dose-response relationships of exercise intervention on weight loss in overweight and obese children: a meta-regression and system review
- Original Articles
- Diabetic ketoacidosis in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: demographics, risk factors and outcome: an 11 year review in Hong Kong
- Incidence tendency, etiological classification and outcome of congenital hypothyroidism in Guangzhou, China: an 11-year retrospective population-based study
- Metabolically healthy obesity in a paediatric obesity clinic
- Universal salt iodization potentially contributes to health equity: socio-economic status of children does not affect iodine status
- Association between clinical variations and copy number variations in cases with Turner syndrome
- The mediating function of obesity on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and insulin resistance in children
- Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development
- Pattern of presentation of paediatric endocrine disorders in a Nigerian tertiary institution: an 11-year survey
- Case Reports
- Novel non-stop variant of the NR0B1 gene in two siblings with adrenal hypoplasia congenita
- Identification of two novel ACAT1 variant associated with beta-ketothiolase deficiency in a 9-month-old boy
- Craniosynostosis in a patient with Fanconi–Bickel syndrome: a case report
- Severe loss of adipose tissue in a Vietnamese lipodystrophy patient caused by LMNA p.G465D mutation: a first clinical characterization and two-year follow-up
- The response to growth hormone treatment in a child with short stature, growth hormone deficiency and autosomal dominant cutis laxa type 3 – case report
- Novel homozygous inactivating mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor gene (LHCGR) associated with 46, XY DSD in a Moroccan family
