Association of muscle mass and fat mass on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentration in children and adolescents

Kyriakos Martakis; Christina Stark; Mirko Rehberg; Miriam Jackels; Eckhard Schoenau; Ibrahim Duran

doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0254

Article

Association of muscle mass and fat mass on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentration in children and adolescents

Kyriakos Martakis , Christina Stark , Mirko Rehberg , Miriam Jackels , Eckhard Schoenau and Ibrahim Duran

Published/Copyright: July 19, 2021

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From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 34 Issue 10

Abstract

Objectives

Obesity has often been associated with high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride plasma concentrations, known risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Study objective was to evaluate the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with muscle and fat mass in children and adolescents.

Methods

We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) to estimate lean muscle and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of participants whose lipid profiles had been examined. Fat mass was operationalized by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Muscle mass was assessed by appendicular lean mass index (aLMI). High LDL-C and triglyceride concentration was defined as above 130 mg/dL.

Results

For the evaluation of the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with LMI and FMI Z-scores, the data of 2,487 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) (984 females) were eligible. High aLMI showed no association with LDL-C or triglyceride concentration, but high FMI showed significant association with LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration in the bivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions

Isolated muscle mass increase may not be protective against high LDL-C and triglycerides plasma levels in children and adolescents. Thus, exercise may lead to risk factor reduction mainly through fat mass reduction.

Keywords: children; fat mass; LDL-cholesterol; muscle mass; triglycerides

Corresponding author: Kyriakos Martakis, MD, MSc, PhD, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation - UniReha, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany; and Department for Pediatric Neurology, Epileptology and Social Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig University, UKGM, Giessen, Germany, Phone: +4964198541908, Fax: +492214781423657, E-mail: kyriakos.martakis@uk-koeln.de

Research funding: None declared.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. KM and ID had substantial contributions to the conception of the work, the data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work; and drafting the work critically for important intellectual content; and final approval of the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. The first and last author (KM, ID) accept responsibility for the integrity of the data analysis. KM is the corresponding author. MR, CS, MJ, and ES had substantial contributions to the design of the work and interpretation of data for the work; and revising it critically for important intellectual content; and final approval of the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics Institutional Review Board reviewed and approved the NHANES study. The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.

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Received: 2020-11-13

Accepted: 2021-06-19

Published Online: 2021-07-19

Published in Print: 2021-10-26

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0254

Keywords for this article

children; fat mass; LDL-cholesterol; muscle mass; triglycerides