Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
-
Jacob M. Redel
,
Mark DiFrancesco
Abstract
Background:
Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) compared to healthy peers. Whether GMV differences exist in youth with T2D remains unclear. Thus, we compared global and regional GMV between obese youth with T2D with age, race and sex similar healthy controls.
Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 20 obese youth with T2D underwent T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparisons were made to 20 age, race and sex similar controls. Differences in global and regional GMV between groups were identified using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
Results:
Youth with T2D had a significantly lower global GMV-to-intracranial volume ratio (0.51±0.02 in T2D vs. 0.53±0.02 in controls, p=0.02, Cohen’s d=0.85). There were 14 regions where GMV was significantly lower in the T2D group, and nine of these were found in either the temporal or occipital lobes. There were six regions with increased GMV in T2D. All regional differences were significant at p<0.05 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.
Conclusions:
Results from this pilot study show obese youth with T2D have significantly lower global GMV and regional GMV differences, when compared to their age, race and sex similar peers. Future work is needed to determine whether these brain findings are a direct result of adolescent-onset T2D.
Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training at the University of Cincinnati.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by the Cincinnati Diabetes and Obesity Center’s Pilot Grant Program (to Shah); the Endocrine Fellows’ Foundation Marilyn Fishman Grant for Diabetes Research (Cycle 1, 2014 to Brady); the NIEHS Molecular Epidemiology in Children’s Environmental Health (MECEH), Funder Id: 10.13039/100000066, T32 (grant number ES010957-16 [to Redel]); the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, Funder Id: 10.13039/100006108, [Award Number UL1 TR001425]; and the NIAMS Clinical Research Center, Funder Id: 10.13039/100000069, [grant number P60-AR047884]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This research was also supported by a Michael Jon Barlin Pediatric Lupus Research Program grant award from the Lupus Foundation of America, Inc., and named in honor of Kassie McMullin Biglow (to DiFrancesco).
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Vitamin D deficiency in childhood: old lessons and current challenges
- Original Articles
- Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
- Prevalence and clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia
- Whole blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow velocities in obese hypertensive or obese normotensive adolescents
- The utility of body mass index as an indicator for lipid abnormalities in non-fasting children
- Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 and IGF binding protein-3 with 25-hydroxy vitamin D in pre-pubertal and adolescent Indian girls
- The safety of Lipistart, a medium-chain triglyceride based formula, in the dietary treatment of long-chain fatty acid disorders: a phase I study
- Clinical follow-up data and the rate of development of precocious and rapidly progressive puberty in patients with premature thelarche
- Age of pubertal events among school girls in Lagos, Nigeria
- Evaluation of basal sex hormone levels for activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
- PHKG2 mutation spectrum in glycogen storage disease type IXc: a case report and review of the literature
- Twenty-seven mutations with three novel pathologenic variants causing biotinidase deficiency: a report of 203 patients from the southeastern part of Turkey
- Case Reports
- Emergence of insulin resistance following empirical glibenclamide therapy: a case report of neonatal diabetes with a recessive INS gene mutation
- A rare unbalanced Y:autosome translocation in a Turner syndrome patient
- A Japanese patient with congenital central hypothyroidism caused by a novel IGSF1 mutation
- Growth, sexual and bone development in a boy with bilateral anorchia under testosterone treatment guided by the development of his monozygotic twin
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Vitamin D deficiency in childhood: old lessons and current challenges
- Original Articles
- Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
- Prevalence and clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia
- Whole blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow velocities in obese hypertensive or obese normotensive adolescents
- The utility of body mass index as an indicator for lipid abnormalities in non-fasting children
- Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 and IGF binding protein-3 with 25-hydroxy vitamin D in pre-pubertal and adolescent Indian girls
- The safety of Lipistart, a medium-chain triglyceride based formula, in the dietary treatment of long-chain fatty acid disorders: a phase I study
- Clinical follow-up data and the rate of development of precocious and rapidly progressive puberty in patients with premature thelarche
- Age of pubertal events among school girls in Lagos, Nigeria
- Evaluation of basal sex hormone levels for activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
- PHKG2 mutation spectrum in glycogen storage disease type IXc: a case report and review of the literature
- Twenty-seven mutations with three novel pathologenic variants causing biotinidase deficiency: a report of 203 patients from the southeastern part of Turkey
- Case Reports
- Emergence of insulin resistance following empirical glibenclamide therapy: a case report of neonatal diabetes with a recessive INS gene mutation
- A rare unbalanced Y:autosome translocation in a Turner syndrome patient
- A Japanese patient with congenital central hypothyroidism caused by a novel IGSF1 mutation
- Growth, sexual and bone development in a boy with bilateral anorchia under testosterone treatment guided by the development of his monozygotic twin
