Reduced frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes in Northwest Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed M. Ahmed
Abstract
Background: Raising the awareness of childhood diabetes symptoms can reduce the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, data on the effectiveness of such interventions are limited. The aim of the study was to describe trends of DKA at onset of childhood T1D during 2005–2014 and assess the impact of a diabetes awareness campaign launched late 2010.
Methods: Data of children <12 years presented with DKA at diagnosis were analyzed according to age, gender and year of diagnosis. The frequency and severity of DKA before and during the 4 years campaign were compared.
Results: During 2005–2014, 44.9% (243/541) of children diagnosed with T1D presented with DKA. Of these, 22.7% had pH <7.1. In both genders DKA was higher in children <6 years (47.8% vs. 40%; p<0.01) and more severe in <3 years old compared to older children (30% vs. 20%; p<0.01). Following the awareness campaign DKA rate dropped from 48% in 2010 to 39% in 2014 and 15.8% had severe DKA compared to 26.1% in 2005–2010 (p<0.01). This trend was observed in both genders and across age groups. In children <3 years the reduction in DKA frequency and severity was not statistically significant (p=0.15 and p=0.42, respectively).
Conclusions: In NWSA, the frequency and severity of DKA at onset of childhood T1D were reduced following 4 years awareness campaign; but the rate is still high. Maintaining the campaign may result in further improvement following a longer period of observation.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2016 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Role of nutrition in preventing insulin resistance in children
- Original Articles
- Reduced frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes in Northwest Saudi Arabia
- Differences in parental involvement in the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily insulin injections versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
- Value of the intrarenal arterial resistivity indices and different renal biomarkers for early identification of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients
- Remission of congenital hyperinsulinism following conservative treatment: an exploratory study in patients with KATP channel mutations
- Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children
- Diagnostic approach in children with unusual symptoms of acquired hypothyroidism. When to look for pituitary hyperplasia?
- The shortened combined clonidine and arginine test for growth hormone deficiency is practical and specific: a diagnostic accuracy study
- Bone maturation along the spectrum from normal weight to obesity: a complex interplay of sex, growth factors and weight gain
- Outcomes analysis of radioactive iodine and total thyroidectomy for pediatric Graves’ disease
- Direct sequencing of FAH gene in Pakistani tyrosinemia type 1 families reveals a novel mutation
- Odontoiatric perspectives and osteonecrosis of the jaw as a possible adverse effect of bisphosphonates therapy in fibrous dysplasia and McCune-Albright syndrome
- The relation of urinary bisphenol A with kisspeptin in girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche
- Pattern of teen menstruation among secondary school girls in south east Nigeria
- Should children with isolated premature adrenarche be routinely evaluated for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- Anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels in obese children: a case-control study
- Case Reports
- Transient congenital hypothyroidism caused by compound heterozygous mutations affecting the NADPH-oxidase domain of DUOX2
- Isolated methylmalonic acidemia with unusual presentation mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis
- A first case report of UDP-galactose-4′-epimerase deficiency in China: genotype and phenotype
- A novel mutation in the glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) of a patient with congenital hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia (HI/HA)
- Letter to the Editor
- Partial biotinidase deficiency: identification of a single novel mutation (p.H314R) in a Greek newborn
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Role of nutrition in preventing insulin resistance in children
- Original Articles
- Reduced frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes in Northwest Saudi Arabia
- Differences in parental involvement in the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily insulin injections versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
- Value of the intrarenal arterial resistivity indices and different renal biomarkers for early identification of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients
- Remission of congenital hyperinsulinism following conservative treatment: an exploratory study in patients with KATP channel mutations
- Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children
- Diagnostic approach in children with unusual symptoms of acquired hypothyroidism. When to look for pituitary hyperplasia?
- The shortened combined clonidine and arginine test for growth hormone deficiency is practical and specific: a diagnostic accuracy study
- Bone maturation along the spectrum from normal weight to obesity: a complex interplay of sex, growth factors and weight gain
- Outcomes analysis of radioactive iodine and total thyroidectomy for pediatric Graves’ disease
- Direct sequencing of FAH gene in Pakistani tyrosinemia type 1 families reveals a novel mutation
- Odontoiatric perspectives and osteonecrosis of the jaw as a possible adverse effect of bisphosphonates therapy in fibrous dysplasia and McCune-Albright syndrome
- The relation of urinary bisphenol A with kisspeptin in girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche
- Pattern of teen menstruation among secondary school girls in south east Nigeria
- Should children with isolated premature adrenarche be routinely evaluated for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- Anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels in obese children: a case-control study
- Case Reports
- Transient congenital hypothyroidism caused by compound heterozygous mutations affecting the NADPH-oxidase domain of DUOX2
- Isolated methylmalonic acidemia with unusual presentation mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis
- A first case report of UDP-galactose-4′-epimerase deficiency in China: genotype and phenotype
- A novel mutation in the glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) of a patient with congenital hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia (HI/HA)
- Letter to the Editor
- Partial biotinidase deficiency: identification of a single novel mutation (p.H314R) in a Greek newborn
