Intrauterine Diabetic Environment Confers Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in the Offspring, in Addition to Genetic Susceptibility
-
Dana Dabelea
and
David J. Pettitt
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that offspring whose mothers had type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to develop type 2 DM, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity at an early age than offspring whose fathers had DM. Exposure to the diabetic intrauterine environment has been shown to be an important risk factor for all these conditions. To what extent transmission of type 2 DM from mother to offspring is the effect of genetic inheritance and to what extent it is the long-term consequence of exposure to maternal hyperglycemia is still uncertain. There are, of course, interactions between the diabetic intrauterine environment and genetics. Several data in experimental animals as well as in humans suggest, however, that exposure of the fetus to the mother’s DM confers a risk for type 2 DM and obesity that is above any genetically transmitted susceptibility. In the Pima Indian population much of the increase in childhood type 2 DM can be attributed to the diabetic intrauterine environment. This suggests that intensive glucose control during pregnancy might have extended beneficial effects, contributing to a decrease in the prevalence of childhood type 2 DM.
© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelei
- Table of Contents
- Doping with Growth Hormone
- Intrauterine Diabetic Environment Confers Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in the Offspring, in Addition to Genetic Susceptibility
- Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
- Sustained Benefits of Growth Hormone on Body Composition, Fat Utilization, Physical Strength and Agility, and Growth in Prader-Willi Syndrome are Dose-Dependent
- Insufficient Adrenarche in Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Caused by a PROP A Gene Defect
- Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Patients
- Maternal and Fetal Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Leptin Levels and Early Postnatal Growth in Infants Born Asymmetrically Small for Gestational Age
- Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
- Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Patients with Thalassemia Major: Results after 24 and 36 Months
- Assessment of the Current Status of Iodine Prophylaxis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation
- Profiles of Obese Children Presenting for Metabolic Evaluation
- Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Hypoglycemia in a Patient with both Hepatic Glycogen Synthase and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiencies
- Gliclazide-Induced Hepatitis, Hemiplegia and Dysphasia in a Suicide Attempt
- Neonatal Goiter Caused by Expectorant Usage
- Idiopathic Hypothalamic Dysfunction with Precocious Puberty and Adipsic Hypernatremia First Presenting in Adolescence
- Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism in an Infant with Three Parathyroid Glands and Pulmonary Calcinosis
- Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Hypothyroidism: Report of Two Patients
- Obituary. Professor Dr. Andrea Prader (1919–2001)
- Meetings Calendar
- Author Index
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelei
- Table of Contents
- Doping with Growth Hormone
- Intrauterine Diabetic Environment Confers Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in the Offspring, in Addition to Genetic Susceptibility
- Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
- Sustained Benefits of Growth Hormone on Body Composition, Fat Utilization, Physical Strength and Agility, and Growth in Prader-Willi Syndrome are Dose-Dependent
- Insufficient Adrenarche in Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Caused by a PROP A Gene Defect
- Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Patients
- Maternal and Fetal Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Leptin Levels and Early Postnatal Growth in Infants Born Asymmetrically Small for Gestational Age
- Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
- Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Patients with Thalassemia Major: Results after 24 and 36 Months
- Assessment of the Current Status of Iodine Prophylaxis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation
- Profiles of Obese Children Presenting for Metabolic Evaluation
- Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Hypoglycemia in a Patient with both Hepatic Glycogen Synthase and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiencies
- Gliclazide-Induced Hepatitis, Hemiplegia and Dysphasia in a Suicide Attempt
- Neonatal Goiter Caused by Expectorant Usage
- Idiopathic Hypothalamic Dysfunction with Precocious Puberty and Adipsic Hypernatremia First Presenting in Adolescence
- Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism in an Infant with Three Parathyroid Glands and Pulmonary Calcinosis
- Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Hypothyroidism: Report of Two Patients
- Obituary. Professor Dr. Andrea Prader (1919–2001)
- Meetings Calendar
- Author Index
