Laser diode transmission characteristics management for high optical fiber coupling system stability with various spectral wavelength windows
-
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
, Madhini Murugesh
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the laser diode transmission characteristics management for high optical fiber coupling system stability with various spectral wavelength windows. Laser beam focus diameter and laser depth of field variations are clarified versus both beam lens diameter and lens focal length at the different spectral operating wavelength windows. Aperture transmission and transmitted power variations are demonstrated versus laser beam aperture diameter and laser power variations at aperture diameter of 1 mm. First and second fiber mode diameter variations are measured versus spectral fiber transmission wavelength for identical and nonidentical two fibers core diameter and numerical aperture. Fiber splice losses are clarified against both lateral offset and angular misalignment for identical and nonidentical fibers core diameter and numerical aperture. Fundamental mode field diameter and V parameter are indicated versus spectral fiber transmission wavelength and numerical aperture variations at fiber core radius of 5 μm.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Albeanu, N, Aseere, L, Berdinskikh, T, Nguyen, J, Pradieu, Y, Silmser, D, et al.. Optical connector contamination and its influence on optical signal performance. J Sci Manag Technol 2003;16:40–9.Search in Google Scholar
2. Prabu, RT, Arulmozhi, AK, Vijay, S, Bai Vijayan, T, Sivaraman, D, Arulraj, M, et al.. High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0090.Search in Google Scholar
3. Born, M, Wolf, E, Glode, D, Smith, PW, Bisbee, DL, Chinock, EL. Optical fibre end preparation for low-loss splices. Bell Sys Tech J 1973;52:1579–87.10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb02034.xSearch in Google Scholar
4. Haibara, T, Matsumoto, M, Miyauchi, M. Design and development of an automatic cutting tool for optical fibres. IEEE/OSA JLT 1986;LT-4:1434–9.10.1109/JLT.1986.1074902Search in Google Scholar
5. Hogari, K, Nagase, R, Takamizawa, K. Optical connector technologies for optical access networks. IEICE Trans Electron 2010;E93-C:1172–9. https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.1172.Search in Google Scholar
6. Kihara, M, Nagasawa, S, Tanifuji, T. Temperature dependence of return loss for optical fiber connectors with refractive index-matching material. IEEE Photon Tech Lett 1995;7:795–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.393209, 1995.Search in Google Scholar
7. Prabu, RT, Balakrishnan, B, Dwaraka Praveena, H, Bai Vijayan, T, Xavier, BM, Perumal, E, et al.. High modulation effects on hybrid optical fiber links and OWC Channel based on optical DP-QSK transceiver systems. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0015.Search in Google Scholar
8. Kihara, M, Nagasawa, S, Tanifuji, T. Return loss characteristics of optical fiber connectors. J Lightwave Technol 1996;14:1986–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.536966.Search in Google Scholar
9. Marcuse, D. Loss analysis of optical fiber splice. Bell Sys Tech J 1976;56:703–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1977.tb00534.x.Search in Google Scholar
10. Satake, T, Nagasawa, S, Arioka, R. A new type of a demountable plastic moldedsingle mode multifiber connector. IEEE J Lightwave Technol 1986;LT-4:1232–6.10.1109/JLT.1986.1074860Search in Google Scholar
11. Sugita, E, Nagase, R, Kanayama, K, Shintaku, T. SC-type single-mode optical fiber connectors. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 1989;7:1689–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.45890.Search in Google Scholar
12. Nandwalkar, JR, Pete, DJ. Furtherance in splicing technique of optical fiber communication. Int J Eng Adv Technol 2020;9:3605–9. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c6208.029320.Search in Google Scholar
13. Snell, G. An introduction of fiber optics and broadcasting. SMPTE J 1996;105:1–7.10.5594/J15850Search in Google Scholar
14. Aggarwal, R, Moore, P. Digital communication for protection. III: fiber optics. IEE Power Eng J 1994;8:241–6. https://doi.org/10.1049/pe:19940511.10.1049/pe:19940511Search in Google Scholar
15. Bachmann, PK, Hermann, W, Wehr, H, Wiechert, DU. Stress in optical waveguides. 2: fibers. Appl Opt 1987;26:1175–82. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.001175.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Paek, UC, Kurkjian, CR. Calculation of cooling rate and induced stresses in drawing of optical fibers. J Am Ceram Soc 1975;58:330–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1975.tb11490.x.Search in Google Scholar
17. Scherer, GW, Cooper, AR. Thermal stresses in clad-glass fibers. J Am Ceram Soc 1980;63:346–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1980.tb10739.x.Search in Google Scholar
18. Wissuchek, DJ, Ponader, CW, Price, JJ. Analysis of residual stress in optical fiber. Proc SPIE 1999;3848:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.372783.Search in Google Scholar
19. Kihara, M, Tomita, S, Haibara, T. Influence of wavelength and temperature changes on optical performance of fiber connections with small gap. IEEE Photon Tech Lett 2006;18:2120–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.883256.Search in Google Scholar
20. Li, MJ, Chen, X, Nolan, DA. Effects of residual stress on polarization mode dispersion of fibers made with different types of spinning. Opt Lett 2004;29:448–56. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.29.000448.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Wissuchek, DJ, Walter, DJ, Clark, DA, Glaesemann, GS. Fracture and abrasion resistance tests for optical fiber coatings. Mater Res Soc 1998;531:309–14. https://doi.org/10.1557/proc-531-309.Search in Google Scholar
22. Marshall, B, Lawn, BR. Residual stress effects in sharp contact cracking: Part I. Indentation fracture mechanics. J Mater Sci 1979;14:2001–10.10.1007/BF00551043Search in Google Scholar
23. Cook, RF, Pharr, GM. Direct observation and analysis of indentation cracking in glasses and ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1990;73:787–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05119.x.Search in Google Scholar
24. Roach, DH, Cooper, AR. Effect of contact residual stress relaxation on fracture strength of indented soda-lime glass. J Am Ceram Soc 1985;68:632–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb16167.x.Search in Google Scholar
25. Ramkumar, G, Rajasekaran, V, Sivaraman, D, Arumugam, S, Dwaraka Praveena, H, Prathima, S, et al.. Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:102–15. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0085.Search in Google Scholar
26. Mallinder, FP, Proctor, BA. Elastic constants of fused silica as a function of large tensile strain. Phys Chem Glasses 1964;5:91–103.Search in Google Scholar
27. Gopalan, A, Thillaigovindan, A, Mohan Patnala, P, Mary Lesley, H, Sundaram, M, Srinivasan, V, et al.. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0130.Search in Google Scholar
28. Krause, JT, Testardi, LR, Thurston, RN. Deviations from linearity in the dependence of elongation upon force for fibers of simple glass formers and of glass optical lightguides. Phys Chem Glasses 1979;20:135–9.Search in Google Scholar
29. Horiguchi, T, Kurashima, T, Tateda, M, Ishihara, K, Wakui, Y. Brillouin characterization of fiber strain in bent slot-type optical-fiber cables. J Lightwave Technol 1992;10:1196–201. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.156868.Search in Google Scholar
30. Hagan, JT. Cone cracks around vickers indentations in fused silica glass. J Mater Sci 1979;14:462–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00589840.Search in Google Scholar
31. Govindaraj, R, Ferlin Deva, S, Vanitha, L, Prabhu, C, Vivek, C, Parimala, A, et al.. Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:133–46.Search in Google Scholar
32. Keck, DB, Morrow, AJ, Nolan, DA, Thompson, DA. Passive components in the subscriber loop. J Lightwave Technol 1989;7:1623–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.45881.Search in Google Scholar
33. Brininstool, MR. Measuring longitudinal strain in optical fibers. Opt Eng 1987;26:1112–19. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.7974203.Search in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston