Different optical fiber hybrid repeater amplifiers arrangement for optical losses and optical dispersion management in the presence of modulation code schemes
-
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
,
Vanitha Lingaraj
Abstract
This paper highlights the different optical fiber hybrid repeater amplifiers arrangement for optical losses and optical dispersion management in the presence of modulation code schemes. The light signal power is measured and clarified with/without any amplification versus fiber channel length with 1,300 and 1,550 nm wavelength based on various modulation schemes. Electrical output power after receiver is clarified without amplification and with various amplification techniques against fiber channel length with second and third wavelength based on on-off keying modulation code scheme. The quality factor and BER are measured after receiver against transmission data rates without amplification and with various amplification techniques against 300 km fiber channel length with 1,300 nm wavelength based different modulation code schemes.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. DeLoach, BC, Miller, RC, Kaufman, S. Sound alerter powered over an optical fiber. Bell Syst Tech J 1978;53:3309–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02205.x.Search in Google Scholar
2. Miller, RC, DeLoach, BC. Optically powered speech communication over a fiber lightguide. Bell Syst Tech J 1979;58:1735–41.10.1002/j.1538-7305.1979.tb02280.xSearch in Google Scholar
3. Kirkham, H, Johnston, AR. Optically powered data link for power system applications. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 1989;4:1997–2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.35623.Search in Google Scholar
4. Nasieva, I, Ania-Castanon, JD, Turitsyn, SK. Nonlinearity management in fibre links with distributed amplification. IEEE Electron Lett 2003;39:856–7.10.1049/el:20030551Search in Google Scholar
5. Banwell, TC, Estes, RC, Reith, LAJr., Shumate, PW, Vogel, EM. Powering the fiber loop optically – a cost analysis. J Lightwave Technol 1993;11:481–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.219583.Search in Google Scholar
6. Pena, R, Algora, C, Matłas, IR, López-Amo, M. Fiber-based 205-mW (27% efficiency) power-delivery system for an all-fiber network with optoelectronic sensor units. Appl Opt 1999;38:2463–6. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.002463.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Clarke, DEA, Kanada, T. Broadband: the last mile. IEEE Commun Mag 1993;31:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1109/35.199617.Search in Google Scholar
8. Green, JPE. Paving the last mile with glass. IEEE Spectrum 2002;39:13–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2002.1088446.Search in Google Scholar
9. Henmi, N, Aoki, Y, Ogata, T, Saito, T, Nakaya, S. A new design arrangement of transmission fiber dispersion for suppressing non linear degradation in long-distance optical transmission systems with optical repeater amplifiers. J Lightwave Technol 1993;11:1615–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.249903.Search in Google Scholar
10. Bosco, G, Carena, A, Curri, V, Gaudino, R, Poggiolini, P, Benedetto, S. A novel analytical approach to the evaluation of the impact of fiber parametric gain on the bit error rate. IEEE Trans Commun 2001;49:2154–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.974262.Search in Google Scholar
11. Boggio, JMC, Tenenbaum, S, Fragnito, HL Amplification of broadband noise pumped by two lasers in optical fibers. J Opt Soc Am B 2001;18:1428–35. https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.18.001428.Search in Google Scholar
12. Serena, P, Orlandini, A, Bononi, A. Parametric-gain approach to the analysis of single-channel DPSK/DQPSK systems with nonlinear phase noise. J Lightwave Technol 2006;24:2026–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.872686.Search in Google Scholar
13. McKinstrie, C, Yu, M, Raymer, MG, Radic, S. Quantum noise properties of parametric processes. Opt Express 2005;13:4986–5012. https://doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.004986.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Vasilyev, M. Distributed phase-sensitive amplification. Opt Express 2005;13:7563–71. https://doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.007563.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Wake, D, Nkansah, A, Gomes, NJ, Lethien, C, Sion, C, Vilcot, JP. Optically powered remote units for radio-over-fiber systems. J Lightwave Technol 2008;26:2484–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2008.927171.Search in Google Scholar
16. Miyakawa, H, Tanaka, Y, Kurokawa, T. Design approaches to power-over-optical local-area-network systems. Appl Opt 2004;43:1379–89. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.001379.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Ramkumar, G, Deva Shahila, F, Lingaraj, V, Chandran, P, Chidambaram, V, Arumugam, P, et al.. Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:133–46.10.1515/joc-2024-0074Search in Google Scholar
18. Kalogerakis, G, Marhic, ME, Wong, KKY, Kazovsky, LG. Transmission of optical communication signals by distributed parametric amplification. J Lightwave Technol 2005;23:2945–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.855668.Search in Google Scholar
19. Xu, X, Cheung, KKY, Yang, S, Liang, Y, Yuk, TI, Wong, KKY. Optically powered WDM signal transmission system with distributed parametric amplification. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2010;22:1232–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2010.2052796.Search in Google Scholar
20. Hansryd, J, Andrekson, PA, Westlund, M, Li, J, Hedekvist, PO. Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2002;8:506–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2002.1016354.Search in Google Scholar
21. Namiki, S, Koji, S, Tsukiji, N, Shikii, S. Challenges of Raman amplification. Proc IEEE 2006;94:1024–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2006.873444.Search in Google Scholar
22. Bromage, J. Raman amplification for fiber communications systems. J Lightwave Technol 2004;22:79–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2003.822828.Search in Google Scholar
23. Torounidis, T, Sunnerud, H, Hedekvist, PO, Andrekson, PA. Amplification of WDM signals in fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2003;15:1061–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2003.815334.Search in Google Scholar
24. Gopalan, A, Arulmozhi, AK, Pandian, MM, Mohanadoss, P, Dorairajan, N, Balaji, M, et al.. Performance parameters estimation of high speed silicon/germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:33–45. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0099.Search in Google Scholar
25. Fludger, CRS, Handerek, V, Mears, RJ. Pump to signal RIN transfer in Raman fiber amplifiers. J Lightwave Technol 2003;19:1061–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.939794.Search in Google Scholar
26. Gopalan, A, Thillaigovindan, A, Mohan Patnala, P, Mary Lesley, H, Sundaram, M, Srinivasan, V, et al.. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0130.Search in Google Scholar
27. Bottger, G, Dreschmann, M, Klamouris, C, Hubner, M, Rger, M, Bett, AW, et al.. An optically powered video camera link. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2008;20:39–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.912695.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
