Abstract
The concept of an unreliable third-person narrator may seem a contradiction in terms. The very act of adopting a third-person stance to tell a story would appear to entail an acceptance of a basic need for truth-telling, a commitment to what Wayne Booth terms the implied author’s “norms of the work.” Nonetheless, in the essay that follows, three of Katherine Mansfield’s short stories – “A Cup of Tea” (1922), “Bliss” (1918) and “Revelations” (1920) – will be examined in order to demonstrate how the strategic suppression of the distinction between the voice of the narrator and that of the central character can lead to a strong sense of unreliability. In order to read such narratives effectively, the reader must reappraise the value of certain other stylistic elements, including the use of directives involved with directly quoted speech, seemingly minor discrepancies between adjacent sentences and, perhaps most importantly, the structure of the fiction itself. We contend that Mansfield’s use of this form of unreliable third-person fiction is her unique contribution to the short story genre.
References
Austen, Jane. 1998. Emma. James Kinsley (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bakhtin, Mikhail. 1981. The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Michael Holquist (ed.). Caryl Emerson & Michael Holquist (trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Search in Google Scholar
Booth, Wayne. 1991. The Rhetoric of Fiction, 2nd edn. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar
Butterworth-McDermott, Christine. 2012. Lustful Fathers and False Princes: “Cinderella” and “Donkeyskin” Motifs in Wharton’s Summer and Mansfield’s short stories. Katherine Mansfield Studies 4. 63–78.10.3366/kms.2012.0028Search in Google Scholar
Culler, Jonathan. 2004. Omniscience. Narrative 12(1). 22–34.10.1353/nar.2003.0020Search in Google Scholar
Domincovich, H. A. 1941. Composition in the short short. The English Journal 30(4). 294–298. http://kg6wg8ak8z.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=sersol&SS_jc=ENGLJOU&title=English%20journal (accessed 28 January 2016).10.2307/806231Search in Google Scholar
Fludernik, Monika. 1993. The fictions of language and the languages of fiction. New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Fowler, Roger. 1996. Linguistic criticism, 2nd edn. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gunn, Daniel P. 2004. Free indirect discourse and narrative authority in Emma. Narrative 12(1). 35–54.10.1353/nar.2003.0023Search in Google Scholar
Hankin, C.A. 1983. Katherine Mansfield and her confessional stories. London & Basingstoke: Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-349-05998-0Search in Google Scholar
Head, Dominic. 1992. The modernist short story: A study in theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511735356Search in Google Scholar
Hough, Graham. 1980. Selected essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Hubble, Nick. 2009. “The Freedom of the City”: Mansfield and Woolf. Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London 7(1). http://www.literarylondon.org/london-journal/march2009/hubble.html (accessed 4 January 2016).Search in Google Scholar
LaCapra, Dominick. 1982. Madame Bovary on trial. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey & Michael Short. 2007. Style in fiction: A linguistic introduction to English fictional prose, 2nd edn. London: Pearson Longman.Search in Google Scholar
Lodge, David. 1992. The art of fiction: Illustrated from classic and modern texts. London: The Penguin Group.Search in Google Scholar
Mansfield, Katherine. 2006. The collected stories of Katherine Mansfield. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics.Search in Google Scholar
McHale, Brian. 2014. Speech representation. In The Living Handbook of Narratology. http://www.lhn.uni-hamburg.de/article/speech-representation (accessed 15 September 2016).10.1515/9783110316469.812Search in Google Scholar
New, William Herbert. 1999. Reading Mansfield and metaphors of form. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.10.1515/9780773567474Search in Google Scholar
Porter, Abbott, H. 2007. Story, plot and narration. In David Herman (ed.), The Cambridge companion to narrative, 39–51. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CCOL0521856965.003Search in Google Scholar
Short, Mick. 1996. Exploring the language of poems, plays and prose. Harlow: Longman.Search in Google Scholar
Sotirova, Violeta. 2013. Consciousness in modernist fiction: A stylistic study. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137307255Search in Google Scholar
Stanzel, F.K. 1984. A theory of narrative. Charlotte Goedsche (trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sternberg, Meir. 1978. Expositional modes and temporal ordering in fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Toolan, Michael. 2007. Language. In David Herman (ed.). The Cambridge companion to narrative, 231–244. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CCOL0521856965.016Search in Google Scholar
Trotter, David. 1993. The English novel in history, 1895-1920. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Vološinov, Valentine N. 1973. Marxism and the philosophy of language. Ladislav Matejka & Irwin R. Titunik (trans.). New York and London: Seminar Press.Search in Google Scholar
Wagenknecht, Edward. 1928. Katherine Mansfield. The English Journal 17(4). 272–284. http://kg6wg8ak8z.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=sersol&SS_jc=ENGLJOU&title=English%20journal (accessed 20 January 2016).10.2307/804029Search in Google Scholar
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Unnatural narratology and premodern narratives: Historicizing a form
- Constructing the antihero: Linguistic characterisation in current American television series
- The curse of the perceptual: a case from kinaesthesia
- Unreliable Third Person Narration? The Case of Katherine Mansfield
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Unnatural narratology and premodern narratives: Historicizing a form
- Constructing the antihero: Linguistic characterisation in current American television series
- The curse of the perceptual: a case from kinaesthesia
- Unreliable Third Person Narration? The Case of Katherine Mansfield