Environmental Security and Climate Change: A Link to Homeland Security

DNI James R. Clapper, “Threat Brief to Congress,” 11 February, 2014, http://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/testimonies.

Section 108 [50 USC 404a] (a) (1). National Security Act of 1947, as Amended by Public Law 99–433. Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, 1 October 1986. Section 104 (b) (3&4).(Goldwater/Nichols).

Walt, Stephen M., “The Renaissance of Security Studies,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 35, 1991, pp.221–239. Morgenthau, Hans J. and Kenneth W. Thompson, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 6^th ed., 1985.

The Alliance New Strategic Concept, NATO Press Service, 1991.

The White House, National Security Strategy of the United States, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1988.

The White House, National Security Strategy of the United States, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1991.

The White House, National Security Strategy of the United States, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1997.

Radioactive Contamination in the Arctic Sea’s per Strand, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Oslo, Norway. http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCCollectionStore/_ Public/30/038/30038817.pdf.

Smith, Michael, Somalia: Pushing Humanitarianism into the Post-Pollyannaish Era, & Applying Previous Lessons Learned Today.http://www.du.edu/korbel/criic/humanitarianbriefs/Michael_Smith.docx.

Shinichi Takeuchi and Jean Marara, Conflict and Land Tenure in Rwanda No. 1, September 2009, http://jica-ri.jica.go.jp/publication/assets/JICA-RI_WP_No.1_2010.pdf.

Peter Gleick, “Environment and Security: The Clear Connections,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1991. T Homer-Dixon, “Strategies for Studying Causation in Complex Ecological Political Systems, “Occasional Paper, Project on Environment, Population and Security, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. 1995. See also Jean Bigagaza, Carolyne Abong and Cecile Mukarubuga Land Scarcity, Distribution and Conflict in Rwanda, http://www.issafrica.org/uploads/SCARCITYCHAPTER2.PDF.

Conca, Ken and Geoffrey Dabelko, Green Planet Blues Environmental Politics from Stockholm to Johannesburg, Third Edition, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 2004.

Franks, Tommy R. (General), “Preface” in Responding to Environmental Challenges in Central Asia and the Caspian Basin: Conference Report, Edmund L. Hughes and Kent H. Butts, Eds, Center for Strategic Leadership, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, March 2001.

Environmental Security: Strengthening National Security Through Environmental Protection, Washington: USEPA, 1999.

Ibid.

Butts, Kent Hughes, Editor, Environmental Security: A DOD Partnership for Peace, Strategic Studies Institute Special Report, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, April, 1994.

Gore, Al Jr., “Letter from the Vice President,” in Environmental Diplomacy: The Environment and U.S. Foreign Policy, Washington: Department of State, 1997.

Broad, William J., “CIA is Sharing Data with Climate Scientists,” New York Times, January 4, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/05/science/earth/05satellite.html?_r=0 (MEDEA Project).

UPI, Business News, “CIA Opens Center for Climate Change,” September 28, 2009.

Office of the Director of National Intelligence: Leading Intelligence Integration, http://www.dni.gov/index.php/about/organization/national-intelligence-council-nic-publications.

Blair, D.C. 2009. “Annual threat assessment of the Intelligence community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.” Statement for the Record (February).

Ibid, p. 6.

Ibid, p. 6.

Environmental Diplomacy: The Environment and U.S. Foreign Policy, Washington: Department of State, 1997.

Butts, Kent Hughes, Editor, Environmental Security: A DOD Partnership for Peace, Strategic Studies Institute Special Report, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, PA, April, 1994.

Butts, Kent and Curtis Turner, “Addressing Transnational Threats in Southeast Asia: Environmental Security and Counterterrorism”, CSL Issue Paper, Vol. 02-04. Center for Strategic Leadership, Carlisle, PA, January, 2004.

Matthews, J.T., “Redefining Security,” Foreign Affairs 68, no. 2 1989; and Dalby, Simon, “Environmental Security: Geopolitics, Ecology and the New World Order.” in John Braden, Henk Folmer and Thomas S. Ulen (Eds) Environmental Policy with Economic and Political Integration: The European Union and the United States, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1996. 452–475.

United Nations Development Programme (1994): Human Development Report. See also, Caroline Thomas, “Global Governance, Development, and Human Security: Exploring the Links,” Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, 2001. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf.

ADM Mike Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Speech, “Empowering Defense through Energy Security” Pentagon Energy Security Event, October 2010. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2010/11/15/207040/joint-chiefs-chair-mike-mullen-on-energy-security/#.

Alami, Mona, USA Today, “Syrian rebels pledge loyalty to al-Qaeda’s leader”, 13 June 2013, p.<enspace;11A. www.usatoday.com/story/news/.../syria-al-qaeda.../2075323/ See also “Competition Among Islamists: Syria’s Islamist Fighters,”The Economist, July 20, 2013, p. 45. And Toby Dodge, “Drivers of Instability: Reflections on the Arab Spring,” Manama, 29 May 2012. http://iissvoicesblog.wordpress.com/2012/05/31/expert-arab-spring-has-resolved-little/.

Center for Naval Analysis Corporation, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, 2007. https://www.cna.org/. FINGER, THOMAS, Testimony on the National Security Implications of Global Climate Change. http://www.climateneeds.umd.edu/reports/National%20Intelligence%20Council-National%20Intelligence%20Assessment.pdf. Youngblut, Christine, Climate Change Effects: Issues for International and US National Security. https://www.ida.org/upload/pubsitsd/ida-document-d-3906.pdf. http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/dsb/climate.pdf.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2013. IPCC fifth assessment report: climate change 2013, The Physical Science Basis. http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WG1AR5_Headlines.pdf. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force, Trends and Implications of Climate Change for National and International Security, October 2011. http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/dsb/climate.pdf.

DHS, Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap, 2012, p12. http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Appendix%20A%20DHS%20FY2012%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20Plan_0.pdf.

Sara Mills-Knapp, LEED AP, Emily Bourdeau Gregory Falco, LEED AP, EMIT, Cathy Resler, Harold Tovar Stephen Zoegall, Ph.D., LEED AP, Climate Change Adaption and Sustainable Design at the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, May 11, 2011.

DHS, Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report 2010.http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/ assets/qhsr_report.pdf. See also, prospect.org/article/pipeline-or-pipe-bomb (February 6, 2014).

The White House, Executive Order 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy and Economic Performance, October 2009.

DHS, Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap, 2012, p.v. http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Appendix%20A%20DHS%20FY2012%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20Plan_0.pdf.

Ibid, p. 10.

The White House, National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, 2003.

Flournoy, M., remarks on the quadrennial defense review. Washington, D.C., Center for Strategic and International Security, 29 April 2009.

LTG Wallace C. Gregson, “Ideological Support: Attacking the Critical Linkage,” in the Struggle Against Extremist Ideology, Kent Hughes Butts and Jeffrey C. Reynolds, Center for Strategic Leadership, Carlisle, PA, 2005.

Werz, Michael and Arpita Bhattacharyya, “National Intelligence Council: Climate Change Will Exacerbate Migration and Increase Conflict,” CLIMATEPROGRESS, December 18, 2012.

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, The 9-11 Commission Report Recommendation, 378.