Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
-
Maria Apriliani Gani
Abstract
Objectives
Bone defect is serious condition that is usually caused by traffic accident. Chitosan is a polymer developed as a scaffold to treat bone defect. However, the mechanism by which chitosan can accelerate bone growth in defect area is still unclear. This study aims to identify proteins which are crucial to the osteogenic properties of chitosan monomer using an in silico study.
Methods
Molecular docking was carried out on chitosan monomer, which are d-glucosamine and glucosamine 6-phosphate units against bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), fibronectin, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), and phosphate transporter (PiT) using AutoDock Vina. Ligand preparation was carried out using Chem3D version 15.0.0.106, while protein preparation was performed using AutoDockTools version 1.5.6.
Results
The results showed that glucosamine 6-phosphate had the best binding affinity with fibronectin and PiT, which was −5.7 kcal mol−1 on both proteins, while d-glucosamine had the best binding affinity with PiT (−5.2 kcal mol−1).
Conclusions
This study suggests that the osteogenic properties of chitosan may be due to the presence of bonds between glucosamine units and fibronectin and/or PiT. However, in vitro studies need to be done to prove this.
Funding source: Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1207/UN3.14/PT/2020
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga for all support during research.
-
Research funding: This work was supported by Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia, through PMDSU research schemes (grant number: 1207/UN3.14/PT/2020).
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
References
1. Stewart, S, Bryant, SJ, Ahn, J, Hankenson, KD. Bone regeneration. In translational regenerative medicine. In: Translational regenerative medicine. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2015.10.1016/B978-0-12-410396-2.00024-4Suche in Google Scholar
2. Budiatin, AS, Zainuddin, M, Khotib, J. Biocompatable composite as gentamicin delivery system for osteomyelitis and bone regeneration. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2014;6:223–6.Suche in Google Scholar
3. International Osteoporosis Foundation. The Asian Audit Epidemiology, costs and burden of osteoporosis in Asia 2009. Switzerland: International Osteoporosis Foundation; 2009.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Ekegren, CL, Edwards, ER, de Steiger, R, Gabbe, BJ. Incidence, costs and predictors of non-union, delayed union and mal-union following long bone fracture. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2018;15:2845–55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122845.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Khotib, J, Setiawan, HU, Nurhan, AD, Rahadiansyah, E, Ardianto, C, Rahmadi, M. Analysis of effectiveness and drug related problems of pain reliever for knee osteoarthritis: weighing clinical risk and benefit. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020;30. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0338.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Kozusko, SD, Riccio, C, Goulart, M, Bumgardner, J, Jing, XL, Konofaos, P. Chitosan as a bone scaffold biomaterial. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:1788–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000004909.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Lee, JS, Baek, SD, Venkatesan, J, Bhatnagar, I, Chang, HK, Kim, HT, et al.. In vivo study of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2014;67:360–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.053.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Chen, P, Liu, L, Pan, J, Mei, J, Li, C, Zheng, Y. Biomimetic composite scaffold of hydroxyapatite/gelatin-chitosan core-shell nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019;97:325–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.027.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Kazimierczak, P, Benko, A, Nocun, M, Przekora, A. Novel chitosan/agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications: comprehensive evaluation of biocompatibility and osteoinductivity with the use of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Nanomed 2019;14:6615–30. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s217245.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Henrotin, Y, Mobasheri, A, Marty, M. Is there any scientific evidence for the use of glucosamine in the management of human osteoarthritis? Arthritis Res Ther 2012;14:201–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3657.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Yao, H, Xue, J, Wang, Q, Xie, R, Li, W, Liu, S, et al.. Glucosamine-modified polyethylene glycol hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017;79:661–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.043.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Zhu, X, Sang, L, Wu, D, Rong, J, Jiang, L. Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res 2018;13:170–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-018-0871-5.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Khotib, J, Utami, NW, Gani, MA, Ardianto, C. The change of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α level in the use of meloxicam in rat model of osteoarthritis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019;30:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0331.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Ha, SW, Park, J, Habib, MM, Beck, GRJr. Nano-hydroxyapatite stimulation of gene expression requires Fgf receptor, phosphate transporter, and Erk1/2 signaling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017;9:39185–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b12029.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Karner, CM, Lee, SY, Long, F. Bmp induces osteoblast differentiation through both Smad4 and mTORC1 signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2017;37:e00253–16. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00253-16.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Parisi, L, Toffoli, A, Ghezzi, B, Mozzoni, B, Lumetti, S, Macaluso, GM. A glance on the role of fibronectin in controlling cell response at biomaterial interface. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2020;56:50–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.11.002.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Muxika, A, Etxabide, A, Uranga, J, Guerrero, P, de la Caba, K. Chitosan as a bioactive polymer: processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017;105:1358–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.087.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Zhang, L, Beeler, DL, Lawrence, R, Lech, M, Liu, J, Davis, JC, et al.. 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 represents a critical enzyme in the anticoagulant heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway. J Biol Chem 2001;276:42311–21. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m101441200.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Wahjuningsih, E, Sularsih, S. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 after using chitosan gel with different molecular weight on wound healing process of dental extraction. Dent J 2015;48:53–8.10.20473/j.djmkg.v48.i2.p53-58Suche in Google Scholar
20. Marquetti, I, Desai, S. Orientation effects on the nanoscale adsorption behavior of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on hydrophilic silicon dioxide. RSC Adv 2019;9:906–16. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09165j.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Costa-Pinto, AR, Correlo, VM, Sol, PC, Bhattacharya, M, Charbord, P, Delorme, B, et al.. Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded on melt based chitosan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 2009;10:2067–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm9000102.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Amir, LR, Suniarti, DF, Utami, S, Abbas, B. Chitosan as a potential osteogenic factor compared with dexamethasone in cultured macaque dental pulp stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014;358:407–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1938-1.Suche in Google Scholar
23. Asghari Sana, F, Çapkın Yurtsever, M, Kaynak Bayrak, G, Tunçay, EÖ, Kiremitçi, AS, Gümüşderelioğlu, M. Spreading, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on chitosan scaffolds immobilized with RGD or fibronectin. Cytotechnology 2017;69:617–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-017-0072-9.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Mobley, DL, Dill, KA. Binding of small-molecule ligands to proteins: “what you see” is not always “what you get”. Structure 2009;17:489–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2009.02.010.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Kook, SH, Jeon, YM, Lim, SS, Jang, MJ, Cho, ES, Lee, SY, et al.. Fibroblast growth factor-4 enhances proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells via activation of c-Jun signaling. PloS One 2013;8:71641–51. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071641.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Cost of illness of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a systematic review
- Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
- Developing pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz
- Green tea and its active compound epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit neuronal apoptosis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- The effects of quercetin on nicotine-induced reward effects in mice
- Resveratrol ameliorates physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior
- Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient’s well-being under treatment for schizophrenia
- Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke
- Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
- Inhibition of Ras and STAT3 activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide as antiproliferative agent in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells
- Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
- Larvicidal toxicity and parasporal inclusion of native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2 against Aedes aegypti
- Synthesis, ADMET predictions, molecular docking studies, and in-vitro anticancer activity of some benzoxazines against A549 human lung cancer cells
- Thymoquinone and its derivatives against breast cancer with HER2 positive: in silico studies of ADMET, docking and QSPR
- Assessment of patient understanding of their conventional cardiac medicines and herbal prepared/derived products: preliminary survey and interviews with selected community-dwelling elderly patients in the Philippines
- The development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire for measuring factors affecting adherence in the elderly with hypertension
- Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
- Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor
- Analysis of HMGB-1 level before and after providing atorvastatin standard therapy in coronary artery disease patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to without type-2 diabetes mellitus
- Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels among acute heart failure patients with ACE inhibitor therapy (Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya)
- The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
- Providing counseling through home pharmacy care (HPC) for hemodialysis patients with hypertension in lowering blood pressure
- Community knowledge and attitude in recognizing asthma symptoms and using medication for asthma attacks: a cross-sectional study
- A study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
- The association of FKBP5 polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in asthmatic patients
- Gastroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and ondansetron on stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice
- Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia
- Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model
- N-nitrosodiethylamine induces inflammation of liver in mice
- AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
- The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) leaves
- Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia
- The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice
- Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration
- Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
- Gender differences in the blood glucose type 2 diabetes patients with combination rapid and long acting insulin therapy
- Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients
- The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
- Variation concentration effect of propyleneglycol, glycerin, and polyethyleneglycol 400 to physical properties and dissolution rate of loratadine liquisolid tablet
- Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers
- Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice
- Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS
- Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
- The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility
- The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
- The effects of quercetin on the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice
- Analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug regimentation in surgical patients
- The stability and irritability study of the chitosan–Aloe vera spray gel as wound healing
- Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
- The maximum dose and duration in the therapy single use methotrexate to achieve remission by rheumatoid arthritis patients through disease activity score 28 (DAS28)
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
- The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
- Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
- Second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) as genetic marker for molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java, Indonesia
- Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents
- Discovery of new targeting agents against GAPDH receptor for antituberculosis drug delivery
- The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
- The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics
- Profile of gyrA gene mutation in clinical isolate of levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli
- Antimicrobial activity of Centella asiatica and Gigantochloa apus
- Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
- The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
- Genetic profile mutation rpoB in clinical isolate of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
- Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study
- Analysis of prophylactic antibiotic use and risk factor of postoperative infection in urological surgery patients
- Molecular docking studies of Nigella sativa L and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb secondary metabolites against histamine N-methyltransferase with their ADMET prediction
- Prediction of compounds with antiosteoporosis activity in Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves through in silico approach
- Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
- Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
- Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
- In vitro antimalarial activity of Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
- Artocarpus sericicarpus stem bark contains antimalarial substances against Plasmodium falciparum
- Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
- Analytical method for the determination of curcumin entrapped in polymeric micellar powder using HPLC
- Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia
- In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent
- Inhibitory activity of Urena lobata leaf extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: in vitro and in silico approach
- Case Report
- Effect of hydrocortisone on hypocorticolism caused by pituitary adenoma
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Cost of illness of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: a systematic review
- Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
- Developing pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz
- Green tea and its active compound epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit neuronal apoptosis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- The effects of quercetin on nicotine-induced reward effects in mice
- Resveratrol ameliorates physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior
- Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient’s well-being under treatment for schizophrenia
- Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke
- Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
- Inhibition of Ras and STAT3 activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide as antiproliferative agent in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells
- Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
- Larvicidal toxicity and parasporal inclusion of native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2 against Aedes aegypti
- Synthesis, ADMET predictions, molecular docking studies, and in-vitro anticancer activity of some benzoxazines against A549 human lung cancer cells
- Thymoquinone and its derivatives against breast cancer with HER2 positive: in silico studies of ADMET, docking and QSPR
- Assessment of patient understanding of their conventional cardiac medicines and herbal prepared/derived products: preliminary survey and interviews with selected community-dwelling elderly patients in the Philippines
- The development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire for measuring factors affecting adherence in the elderly with hypertension
- Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
- Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor
- Analysis of HMGB-1 level before and after providing atorvastatin standard therapy in coronary artery disease patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to without type-2 diabetes mellitus
- Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels among acute heart failure patients with ACE inhibitor therapy (Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya)
- The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
- Providing counseling through home pharmacy care (HPC) for hemodialysis patients with hypertension in lowering blood pressure
- Community knowledge and attitude in recognizing asthma symptoms and using medication for asthma attacks: a cross-sectional study
- A study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
- The association of FKBP5 polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in asthmatic patients
- Gastroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and ondansetron on stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice
- Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia
- Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model
- N-nitrosodiethylamine induces inflammation of liver in mice
- AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
- The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
- Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) leaves
- Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia
- The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice
- Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration
- Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
- Gender differences in the blood glucose type 2 diabetes patients with combination rapid and long acting insulin therapy
- Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients
- The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
- Variation concentration effect of propyleneglycol, glycerin, and polyethyleneglycol 400 to physical properties and dissolution rate of loratadine liquisolid tablet
- Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers
- Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice
- Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS
- Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
- The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility
- The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
- The effects of quercetin on the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice
- Analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug regimentation in surgical patients
- The stability and irritability study of the chitosan–Aloe vera spray gel as wound healing
- Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
- The maximum dose and duration in the therapy single use methotrexate to achieve remission by rheumatoid arthritis patients through disease activity score 28 (DAS28)
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
- The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
- Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
- Second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) as genetic marker for molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java, Indonesia
- Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents
- Discovery of new targeting agents against GAPDH receptor for antituberculosis drug delivery
- The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
- The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics
- Profile of gyrA gene mutation in clinical isolate of levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli
- Antimicrobial activity of Centella asiatica and Gigantochloa apus
- Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
- The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
- Genetic profile mutation rpoB in clinical isolate of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
- Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study
- Analysis of prophylactic antibiotic use and risk factor of postoperative infection in urological surgery patients
- Molecular docking studies of Nigella sativa L and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb secondary metabolites against histamine N-methyltransferase with their ADMET prediction
- Prediction of compounds with antiosteoporosis activity in Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves through in silico approach
- Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
- Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
- Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
- In vitro antimalarial activity of Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
- Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
- Artocarpus sericicarpus stem bark contains antimalarial substances against Plasmodium falciparum
- Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
- Analytical method for the determination of curcumin entrapped in polymeric micellar powder using HPLC
- Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia
- In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent
- Inhibitory activity of Urena lobata leaf extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase: in vitro and in silico approach
- Case Report
- Effect of hydrocortisone on hypocorticolism caused by pituitary adenoma