Antioxidant activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) leaves from Burkina Faso

Estelle N.H. Youl; Cyrille A.P. Ouédraogo; Moustapha Gambo; Moussa Ouédraogo; Martin Kiendrebéogo; Aristide Traoré; Innocent Pierre Guissou

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0176

Article

Antioxidant activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) leaves from Burkina Faso

Estelle N.H. Youl , Cyrille A.P. Ouédraogo , Moustapha Gambo , Moussa Ouédraogo , Martin Kiendrebéogo , Aristide Traoré and Innocent Pierre Guissou

Published/Copyright: May 4, 2019

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From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 30 Issue 3

Abstract

Background

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant.

Methods

The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Results

The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg quercetin equivalents in the HEE and the F4 fraction. Except for the F1 fraction, the HEE and the other fractions showed significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ between 8 and 12 μg/mL). The IC₅₀ of TBARS by different extracts was in the range 1–5 μg/mL, and the FRAP activity was 7–85 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 100 mg. Total polyphenol content was highly correlated with the antioxidant activities.

Conclusions

The HEE, F3, and F4 fractions were found to be the richest in polyphenols and had the best antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts of the leaves of Z. mauritiana is due to these polyphenolic compounds.

Keywords: antioxidant activity; polyphenol content; Ziziphus mauritiana

Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Prof. Amadé Ouédraogo for the authentication of the plant, the laboratory of Food Biochemistry of the University Ouaga I for the supply of reagents and animals, and the Research Institute for Health Sciences for technical support.

Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

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Received: 2017-10-14

Accepted: 2019-01-29

Published Online: 2019-05-04

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0176

Keywords for this article

antioxidant activity; polyphenol content; Ziziphus mauritiana