Real movement or systematic errors? – TLS-based deformation analysis of a concrete wall
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Berit Jost
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Daniel Coopmann
Abstract
Performing deformation analyses with high accuracy demands using terrestrial laser scanners is very challenging due to insufficient knowledge about the error budget and correlations. Terrestrial laser scans suffer from random and systematic errors that degrade the quality of the point cloud. Even though the vast majority of systematic errors can be calibrated, remaining errors or errors that vary with time or temperature influence spatially neighboring points in the same way. Hence, correlations between the measurements exist. Considering area-based deformation analyses, these correlations have two effects: On the one hand, they reduce the effective number of measurements in the point cloud, which mainly influences the decision of whether the movement is significant or not. On the other hand, correlations caused by systematic errors in the scanner can lead to a misinterpretation as a deformation of the object. Within this study, we analyze the deformation of a concrete wall (9.50 m height, 50 m width), and we develop a workflow that avoids the misinterpretation of correlated measurements as deformations of the object. Therefore, we first calibrate the scanner to reduce the influence of systematic errors. Afterwards, we use the average of two-face measurements from several scanner stations to eliminate remaining systematic errors and correlated measurements. This study demonstrates that systematic effects can lead to errors of a few millimeters that are likely to be interpreted as small deformations, and it provides a strategy to avoid misinterpretation. Hence, it is inevitable either to model or to eliminate systematic errors of the scanner while performing a precise deformation analysis with a magnitude of a few millimeters.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: EXC 2070 390732324
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work has been partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Guest Editorial
- Special Issue: Deformation Monitoring
- Research Articles
- High-precision intermode beating electro-optic distance measurement for mitigation of atmospheric delays
- EDM-GNSS distance comparison at the EURO5000 calibration baseline: preliminary results
- A mobile robot for monitoring floor flatness in real-time
- On the quality checking of persistent scatterer interferometry data by spatial-temporal modelling
- Image segmentation of breakwater blocks by edge-base Hough transformation
- Real movement or systematic errors? – TLS-based deformation analysis of a concrete wall
- Investigation of space-continuous deformation from point clouds of structured surfaces
- Supervoxel-based targetless registration and identification of stable areas for deformed point clouds
- Forecasting post-earthquake rockfall activity
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Guest Editorial
- Special Issue: Deformation Monitoring
- Research Articles
- High-precision intermode beating electro-optic distance measurement for mitigation of atmospheric delays
- EDM-GNSS distance comparison at the EURO5000 calibration baseline: preliminary results
- A mobile robot for monitoring floor flatness in real-time
- On the quality checking of persistent scatterer interferometry data by spatial-temporal modelling
- Image segmentation of breakwater blocks by edge-base Hough transformation
- Real movement or systematic errors? – TLS-based deformation analysis of a concrete wall
- Investigation of space-continuous deformation from point clouds of structured surfaces
- Supervoxel-based targetless registration and identification of stable areas for deformed point clouds
- Forecasting post-earthquake rockfall activity
