Abstract
Although Global Positioning System (GPS) primarily provide accurate estimates of position, velocity and time of the receiver, as the signals pass through the atmoshphere carrying its signatures, thus offers opportunities for atmoshpheric applications. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a vital component of the atmosphere and significantly influences atmospheric processes like rainfall and atmospheric temperature. The developing networks of continuously operating GPS can be used to efficiently estimate PWV. The Turkish Permanent GPS Network (TPGN) is employed to monitor PWV information in Turkey. This work primarily aims to derive long-term data of PWV by using atmospheric path delays observed through continuously operating TPGN from November 2014 to October 2015. A least square mathematical approach was then applied to establish the relation of the observed PWV to rainfall and temperature. The modeled PWV was correlated with PWV estimated from GPS data, with an average correlation of 67.10 %–88.60 %. The estimated root mean square error (RMSE) varied from 2.840 to 6.380, with an average of 4.697. Finally, data of TPGN, rainfall, and temperature were obtained for less than 2 months (November 2015 to December 2015) and assessed to validate the mathematical model. This study provides a basis for determining PWV by using rainfall and temperature data.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Izmir Katip Celebi University and Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) http://www.sopac.ucsd.edu for providing GPS observation data. The authors are grateful to Prof. Bob King, Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States for providing GAMIT-GLOBK software. We also acknowledge anonymous reviewer for valuable comments.
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© 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Evaluation of GPS Standard Point Positioning with Various Ionospheric Error Mitigation Techniques
- Precise Point Positioning Model Using Triple GNSS Constellations: GPS, Galileo and BeiDou
- Monitoring and Prediction of Precipitable Water Vapor using GPS data in Turkey
- Systematic Effects in Laser Scanning and Visualization by Confidence Regions
- Comparison of Total Least Squares and Least Squares for Four- and Seven-parameter Model Coordinate Transformation
- Evaluating Applicability of Four Recursive Algorithms for Computation of the Fully Normalized Associated Legendre Functions
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Evaluation of GPS Standard Point Positioning with Various Ionospheric Error Mitigation Techniques
- Precise Point Positioning Model Using Triple GNSS Constellations: GPS, Galileo and BeiDou
- Monitoring and Prediction of Precipitable Water Vapor using GPS data in Turkey
- Systematic Effects in Laser Scanning and Visualization by Confidence Regions
- Comparison of Total Least Squares and Least Squares for Four- and Seven-parameter Model Coordinate Transformation
- Evaluating Applicability of Four Recursive Algorithms for Computation of the Fully Normalized Associated Legendre Functions