Home Regulation of Pleurotus geesteranus protein particle characteristics on the microstructure and rheology of their W1/O/W2 double emulsions
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Regulation of Pleurotus geesteranus protein particle characteristics on the microstructure and rheology of their W1/O/W2 double emulsions

  • Tinghui Pei , Manhong Jin , Qianwang Zheng , Zhiwei Ye , Liqiong Guo , Junfang Lin and Yuan Zou EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 1, 2025

Abstract

In the present work, the properties of Pleurotus geesteranus protein isolate particle (PPIP) were adjusted by changing the pH and salt concentration. The PPIP with different characteristics were used to prepare W1/O/W2 double emulsions, aiming to control its microstructure and rheological properties. Adjusting the pH from 5.0 to 3.0 and 7.0 resulted in PPIP exhibiting a decrease in average particle size, oil-water contact angle (θ o/w) and interfacial tension, and an increase in net charge. Such PPIP were successfully used to fabricate W1/O/W2 double emulsions with a gel-like network. At pH 5.0, double emulsions showed the highest inner aqueous phase content and gel strength. With an increase in salt concentration (0–500 mM), the particle size of PPIP gradually increased, while their zeta potential continuously decreased, and W1/O/W2 double emulsions were prepared. However, the inner aqueous phase content, apparent viscosity, storage/loss modulus gradually decreased with an increase in salt concentration.


Corresponding author: Yuan Zou, Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China, E-mail:
Tinghui Pei and Manhong Jin contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Tinghui Pei & Manhong Jin: Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Conceptualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-reviewing & editing. Chuwen Li & Menghuan Ma: Validation, Investigation. Qianwang Zheng, Zhiwei Ye, Liqiong Guo & Junfang Lin: Funding acquisition, Writing-reviewing & editing. Yuan Zou: Project administration, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-reviewing & editing.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272785), and Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong Province (2022-WPY-00-006). Guangdong Province Agriculture Research Project & Agricultural Technique Promotion Project (2023KJ103; 2024KJ103).

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

References

1. Alenazi, ASM, El-Bagory, IM, Yassin, AB, Alanazi, FK, Alsarra, IA, Haq, N, et al.. Design of polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of capreomycin peptide using double emulsion technique: impact of stress conditions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022;71:103326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103326.Search in Google Scholar

2. ElShafei, GMS, El-Said, MM, Attia, HAE, Mohammed, TGM. Environmentally friendly pesticides: essential oil-based w/o/w multiple emulsions for anti-fungal formulations. Ind Crop Prod 2010;31:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.010.Search in Google Scholar

3. Wang, Q, Wang, L, Abdullah, Tian, W, Song, M, Cao, Y, et al.. Co-delivery of EGCG and lycopene via a pickering double emulsion induced synergistic hypolipidemic effect. Food Funct 2022;13:3419–30. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo00169a.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Rakshit, M, Srivastav, PP. Sensory evaluation and storage stability of fat reduced shortdough biscuit using hydrolysable tannin encapsulated double emulsion as fat replacer. LWT 2022;154:112816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112816.Search in Google Scholar

5. Kanha, N, Surawang, S, Pitchakarn, P, Laokuldilok, T. Microencapsulation of copigmented anthocyanins using double emulsion followed by complex coacervation: preparation, characterization and stability. LWT 2020;133:110154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110154.Search in Google Scholar

6. Jiang, X, Shekarforoush, E, Muhammed, MK, Whitehead, K, Simonsen, AC, Arneborg, N, et al.. Efficient chemical hydrophobization of lactic acid bacteria – one-step formation of double emulsion. Food Res Int 2021;147:110460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110460.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Jin, M, Li, C, Ma, M, Zheng, Q, Guo, L, Lin, J, et al.. Fabrication and characterization of W1/O/W2 double emulsions stabilized with Pleurotus geesteranus protein particles via one-step emulsification. Food Hydrocolloids 2024;151:109789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.109789.Search in Google Scholar

8. Lam, RSH, Nickerson, MT. Food proteins: a review on their emulsifying properties using a structure–function approach. Food Chem. 2013;141:975–84.10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Nissen, SH. Increased solubility and functional properties of precipitated alfalfa protein concentrate subjected to pH shift processes. Food Hydrocolloids 2021;119:106874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106874.Search in Google Scholar

10. Jiang, J. A pH shift approach to the improvement of interfacial properties of plant seed proteins. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018;19:50–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2018.01.002.Search in Google Scholar

11. Tang, M, Sun, Y, Feng, X, Ma, L, Dai, H, Fu, Y, et al.. Regulation mechanism of ionic strength on the ultra-high freeze-thaw stability of myofibrillar protein microgel emulsions. Food Chem 2023;419:136044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136044.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Leptihn, S, Castell, OK, Cronin, B, Lee, EH, Gross, LCM, Marshall, DP, et al.. Constructing droplet interface bilayers from the contact of aqueous droplets in oil. Nat Protoc 2013;8:1048–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2013.061.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Zou, Y, Yang, X, Scholten, E. Tuning particle properties to control rheological behavior of high internal phase emulsion gels stabilized by zein/tannic acid complex particles. Food Hydrocolloids 2019;89:163–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.037.Search in Google Scholar

14. Jeong, DW, Jang, H, Choi, SQ, Choi, MC. Enhanced stability of freestanding lipid bilayer and its stability criteria. Sci Rep 2016;6:38158. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38158.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

15. Panizzolo, LA, Mussio, LE, Añón, MC. A kinetic model for describing the effect of proteins on the air-water interface tension. J. Food Sci. Eng. 2014;4:282–90.Search in Google Scholar

16. Morales, R, Martínez, KD, Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa, VM, Pilosof, AMR. Modification of foaming properties of soy protein isolate by high ultrasound intensity: particle size effect. Ultrason Sonochem 2015;26:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.01.011.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Sun, S, Li, S, Yan, H, Zou, H, Yu, C. The conformation and physico-chemical properties of pH-treated golden pompano protein on the oil/water interfacial properties and emulsion stability. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022;57:5611–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15374.Search in Google Scholar

18. Roger, K, Cabane, B. Why are hydrophobic/water interfaces negatively charged? Angew Chem Int Ed 2012;51:5625–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201108228.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Jiao, J, Rhodes, DG, Burgess, DJ. Multiple emulsion stability: pressure balance and interfacial film strength. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002;250:444–50. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8365.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Khadem, B, Sheibat-Othman, N. Modeling droplets swelling and escape in double emulsions using population balance equations. Chem Eng J 2020;382:122824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122824.Search in Google Scholar

21. Zhang, M, Zhou, L, Yang, F, Yao, J, Ma, Y, Liu, J. Construction of high internal phase pickering emulsions stabilized by bamboo fungus protein gels with the effect of pH. Food Chem 2022;369:130954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130954.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Pichot, R, Spyropoulos, F, Norton, IT. O/W emulsions stabilised by both low molecular weight surfactants and colloidal particles: the effect of surfactant type and concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010;352:128–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.021.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Zhang, X, Rong, X, Zhang, D, Yang, Y, Li, B. Fabrication of natural W1/O/W2 double emulsions stabilized with gliadin colloid particles and soybean lecithin. Food Hydrocolloids 2023;144:108978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108978.Search in Google Scholar

24. Xu, HN, Liu, Y, Zhang, L. Salting-out and salting-in: competitive effects of salt on the aggregation behavior of soy protein particles and their emulsifying properties. Soft Matter 2015;11:5926–32. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00954e.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Li, R, Xiong, YL. Sensitivity of oat protein solubility to changing ionic strength and pH. J Food Sci 2021;86:78–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15544.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Fan, HB, Zou, Y, Huang, SY, Liu, YL, Zheng, QW, Guo, LQ, et al.. Study on the physicochemical and emulsifying property of proteins extracted from pleurotus tuoliensis. LWT 2021;151:112185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112185.Search in Google Scholar

27. Zou, Y, Guo, J, Yin, SW, Wang, JM, Yang, XQ. Pickering emulsion gels prepared by hydrogen-bonded zein/tannic acid complex colloidal particles. J Agric Food Chem 2015;63:7405–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03113.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Pace, CN, Grimsley, GR, Scholtz, JM. Protein ionizable groups: pK values and their contribution to protein stability and solubility. J Biol Chem 2009;284:13285–9. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r800080200.Search in Google Scholar

29. Han, L, Lu, K, Zhou, S, Qi, B, Li, Y. Co-delivery of insulin and quercetin in W/O/W double emulsions stabilized by different hydrophilic emulsifiers. Food Chem 2022;369:130918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130918.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Lian, X, Song, C, Wang, Y. Regulating the oil-water interface to construct double emulsions: current understanding and their biomedical applications. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022;38:698–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-022-2019-8.Search in Google Scholar

31. Wang, Z, Tang, W, Sun, Z, Liu, F, Wang, D. An innovative Pickering W/O/W nanoemulsion co-encapsulating hydrophilic lysozyme and hydrophobic perilla leaf oil for extending shelf life of fish products. Food Chem 2024;439:138074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138074.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

32. Chevalier, RC, Gomes, A, Cunha, RL. Role of aqueous phase composition and hydrophilic emulsifier type on the stability of W/O/W emulsions. Food Res Int 2022;156:111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111123.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Adewunmi, AA, Mahboob, A, Kamal, MS, Sultan, A. Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan/natural acacia gum biopolymers: effects of pH and salt concentrations. Polymers 2022;14:5270. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235270.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

34. Wang, J, De Figueiredo Furtado, G, Monthean, N, Dupont, D, Pédrono, F, Madadlou, A. CaCl2 supplementation of hydrophobised whey proteins: assessment of protein particles and consequent emulsions. Int Dairy J 2020;110:104815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104815.Search in Google Scholar

35. Santa Chalarca, CF, Letteri, RA, Perazzo, A, Stone, HA, Emrick, T. Building supracolloidal fibers from zwitterion-stabilized adhesive emulsions. Adv Funct Mater 2018;28:1804325. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804325.Search in Google Scholar

36. Yu, J, Wang, Y, Li, D, Wang, L. Freeze-thaw stability and rheological properties of soy protein isolate emulsion gels induced by NaCl. Food Hydrocolloids 2022;123:107113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107113.Search in Google Scholar

37. Zhang, C, Zhang, R, Zhu, Y, Xu, S, Liu, X. Influence of ionic strength on gel-like pickering emulsions stabilized by self-assembled colloidal nanoparticles containing lysozyme. Colloid Polym Sci 2020;298:1249–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04700-w.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2024-09-10
Accepted: 2024-12-19
Published Online: 2025-01-01

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 12.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijfe-2024-0207/pdf
Scroll to top button