Abstract
This work presents the result of a research project, concerning the development of a simulation model for a water supply system of a dairy company, located in Parma, Italy. The approach developed allows investigating, through process simulation, the plant areas where the efficiency of the water supply system can be significantly improved by means of some simple interventions. The final objective is to reduce the water consumption of the plant; this represents a relevant issue to the dairy industry. In line with this goal, at first the simulation model was used to reproduce the current (AS IS) system, so as to reach a precise knowledge of the water flows in the plant. In the second part of the work, a series of alternative (TO BE) scenarios was investigated, and the related performance was assessed, thus identifying the best plant configuration. The process simulator was designed under Microsoft Excel, programmed with Visual Basic for Applications. Thanks to the study implemented, an optimal scenario of the water supply system was finally identified, which allows savings up to 7.2% of water compared to the original configuration.
References
1. KirbyRM, BartramJ, CarrR. Water in food production and processing: quantity and quality concerns. Food Control2003;14:283–99.10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00090-7Search in Google Scholar
2. RogersJW, LouisGE. Conceptualization of a robust performance assessment and evaluation model for consolidating community water systems. J Environ Manage2009;90:786–97.10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.01.010Search in Google Scholar
3. PorettiM. Quality control of water as raw material in the food industry. Food Control1990;1:79–83.10.1016/0956-7135(90)90089-USearch in Google Scholar
4. CentiG, PerathonerS. Recycle rinse water: problems and opportunities. Catalysis Today1999;53:11–21.10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00099-1Search in Google Scholar
5. EideMH, HomleidJP, MattssonB. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of cleaning-in-place processes in dairies. LWT – Food Sci Technol2003;36:303–14.10.1016/S0023-6438(02)00211-6Search in Google Scholar
6. LeeKP, ChengTA. A simulation approach for energy efficiency of chilled water system. Energy Buildings2012;54:290–6.10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.06.028Search in Google Scholar
7. RezaeiE, ShafieiS, AbdollahnezhadA. Reducing water consumption of an industrial plant cooling unit using hybrid cooling tower. Energy Conversion Manage2010;51:311–19.10.1016/j.enconman.2009.09.027Search in Google Scholar
8. CasaniS, KnochelS. Application of HACCP to water reuse in the food industry. Food Control2002;13:315–27.10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00037-3Search in Google Scholar
9. CasaniS, RouhanyM, KnochelS. A discussion paper on challenges and limitations to water reuse and hygiene in the food industry. Water Res2005;39:1134–46.10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.015Search in Google Scholar
10. BoglioloM, BottinoA, CapannelliG, De PedroM, ServidaA, PezziG, et al. Clean water recycle in sugar extraction process: performance analysis of reverse osmosis in the treatment of sugar beet press water. Desalination1996;108:261–71.10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00034-9Search in Google Scholar
11. BalannecB, Gesan-GuiziouG, ChauferB, Rabiller-BaudryM, DaufinG. Treatment of dairy process waters by membrane operations for water reuse and milk constituents concentration. Desalination2002;147:89–94.10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00581-7Search in Google Scholar
12. VourchM, BalannecB, ChauferB, DorangeG. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis of model process waters from the dairy industry to produce water for reuse. Desalination2005;172:245–56.10.1016/j.desal.2004.07.038Search in Google Scholar
13. WojdalskiJ, DrozdzB, PiechockiJ, GaworskiM, ZanderZ, MarjanowskiJ. Determinants of water consumption in the dairy industry. Polish J Chem Technol2013;15:61–72.10.2478/pjct-2013-0025Search in Google Scholar
14. LeeWH, OkosMR. Sustainable food processing systems – path to a zero discharge: reduction of water, waste and energy. In: 11th international congress on engineering and food (ICEF11), Procedia Food Science, vol. 1, 2011:1768–77.Search in Google Scholar
15. De VreeseI, Van der BruggenB. Cotton and polyester dyeing using nanofiltered wastewater. Dyes Pigments2007;74:313–19.10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.02.014Search in Google Scholar
16. WenzelH, KnudsenHH, KristensenGH, HansenJ. Reclamation and reuse of process water from reactive dyeing of cotton. Desalination1996;106:195–203.10.1016/S0011-9164(96)00109-9Search in Google Scholar
17. LindahlM, SvenssonN, SvenssonBH, SundinE. Industrial cleaning with Qlean water – a case study of printed circuit boards. J Cleaner Prod2013;47:19–25.10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.032Search in Google Scholar
18. QinJJ, WaiMN, OoMH, WongFS. A feasibility study on the treatment and recycling of a wastewater from metal plating. J Membr Sci2002;208:213–21.10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00263-6Search in Google Scholar
19. SarkarB, ChakrabartiPP, VijaykumarA, KaleV. Wastewater treatment in dairy industries – possibility of reuse. Desalination2006;195:141–52.10.1016/j.desal.2005.11.015Search in Google Scholar
20. MartyYP. Maitrise de la consommation d’eau dans les industries agro-alimentaires. Ind Alimentaires Agricoles2001;118:35–8.Search in Google Scholar
21. SageM. Valorisation des eaux de procedes de l’industrie laitiere en methanisation et denitrification. Unpublished PhD thesis, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie de Rennes, Rennes, France, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
22. AlvarezN, DaufinG, Gésan-GuiziouG. Recommendations for rationalizing cleaning-in-place in the dairy industry: case study of an ultra-high temperature heat exchanger. J Dairy Sci2010;93:808–21.10.3168/jds.2009-2760Search in Google Scholar PubMed
23. FoxPF, GuineeTP, CoganTM, McSweeneyPH. Fundamentals of cheese science. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc, 2000.Search in Google Scholar
24. PagellaC, GalliR, De FaveriDM. Water reuse in industrial food processing. J Food Technol Africa2000;5:25–9.10.4314/jfta.v5i1.19253Search in Google Scholar
25. EbrahimM, KawariA. Pinch technology: an efficient tool for chemical-plant energy and capital-cost saving. Appl Energy2000;65:45–9.10.1016/S0306-2619(99)00057-4Search in Google Scholar
©2014 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Selected Papers from MAS2013 Workshop
- Special section “Selected Papers from the Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Food Processing and Operations of the MAS 2013 Conference (Athens, September 25–27, 2013)”
- Safety and Security in Fresh Good Supply Chain
- Performance Analysis of the Water Supply System of a Dairy Company by Means of an Advanced Simulation Tool
- Optimal Design of an Olive Oil Mill by Means of the Simulation of a Petri Net Model
- Original Research Articles
- Moisture Sorption Isotherms, Isosteric Heat of Sorption and Glass Transition Temperature of Murtilla (Ugni molinae T.) Berry
- Salt and Acid-Induced Soft Tofu-Type Gels: Rheology, Structure and Fractal Analysis of Viscoelastic Properties as a Function of Coagulant Concentration
- Heat Transfer during Steaming of Bread
- Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Gum Extraction from Wild Sage Seed
- Formation and Stability of Vitamin E Enriched Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Modified Starch
- Investigation on a Soft Tubular Model Reactor Based on Bionics of Small Intestine – Residence Time Distribution
- Comparison of Physicochemical and Gel Characteristics of Hydroxypropylated Oat and Wheat Starches
- Environomical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling for Tomato Flakes Drying in a Modified Greenhouse Dryer under Active Mode
- Extraction Kinetics and Properties of Proanthocyanidins from Pomegranate Peel
- An Investigation of Energy Consumption, Solar Fraction and Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermal Solar Dryer Parameters in Drying of Chamomile Flower
- The Adsorption of Undesirable Impurities from Sunflower Oil on the Granulated Sorbents Based on Kaolin Clay
- “Bare” or “Gloved” Hands: A Study on the Production of Safe Food
- Physicochemical Characterization of Arrowroot Starch (Maranta arundinacea Linn) and Glycerol/Arrowroot Starch Membranes
- Optimization of Gluten-Free Cake Prepared from Chestnut Flour and Transglutaminase: Response Surface Methodology Approach
- Estimation of Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pistachio Powder through the ANN and GA Approaches
- Modeling of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Content of Fermented Lotus Root: Artificial Neural Networks and a Genetic Algorithm Approach
- Physicochemical Properties of Chilled Abalone as Influenced by Washing Pretreatment in Citric Acid Combined with High Pressure Processing
- Synergetic Effects of Pulsed Electric Field and Ozone Treatments on the Degradation of High Molecular Weight Chitosan
- Physical, Thermal and Water-Sorption Properties of Passion Fruit Seeds
- Hydrolysis of Hazelnut Shells as a Carbon Source for Bioprocessing Applications and Fermentation
- Variations in Main Flavor Compounds of Freshly Distilled Brandy during the Second Distillation
- Characterization and Semiquantitative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Six Varieties of Sugarcane Juice
- Influence of Citric Acid Pretreatment on Drying of Peach Slices
- Degradation Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Arils during the Drying Process
- Short Communications
- Effect of Sucrose Addition on Rheological and Thermal Properties of Rice Starch–Gum Mixtures
- Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on Freeze-Drying of Potato Tissue
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Selected Papers from MAS2013 Workshop
- Special section “Selected Papers from the Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Food Processing and Operations of the MAS 2013 Conference (Athens, September 25–27, 2013)”
- Safety and Security in Fresh Good Supply Chain
- Performance Analysis of the Water Supply System of a Dairy Company by Means of an Advanced Simulation Tool
- Optimal Design of an Olive Oil Mill by Means of the Simulation of a Petri Net Model
- Original Research Articles
- Moisture Sorption Isotherms, Isosteric Heat of Sorption and Glass Transition Temperature of Murtilla (Ugni molinae T.) Berry
- Salt and Acid-Induced Soft Tofu-Type Gels: Rheology, Structure and Fractal Analysis of Viscoelastic Properties as a Function of Coagulant Concentration
- Heat Transfer during Steaming of Bread
- Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Gum Extraction from Wild Sage Seed
- Formation and Stability of Vitamin E Enriched Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Modified Starch
- Investigation on a Soft Tubular Model Reactor Based on Bionics of Small Intestine – Residence Time Distribution
- Comparison of Physicochemical and Gel Characteristics of Hydroxypropylated Oat and Wheat Starches
- Environomical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling for Tomato Flakes Drying in a Modified Greenhouse Dryer under Active Mode
- Extraction Kinetics and Properties of Proanthocyanidins from Pomegranate Peel
- An Investigation of Energy Consumption, Solar Fraction and Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermal Solar Dryer Parameters in Drying of Chamomile Flower
- The Adsorption of Undesirable Impurities from Sunflower Oil on the Granulated Sorbents Based on Kaolin Clay
- “Bare” or “Gloved” Hands: A Study on the Production of Safe Food
- Physicochemical Characterization of Arrowroot Starch (Maranta arundinacea Linn) and Glycerol/Arrowroot Starch Membranes
- Optimization of Gluten-Free Cake Prepared from Chestnut Flour and Transglutaminase: Response Surface Methodology Approach
- Estimation of Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pistachio Powder through the ANN and GA Approaches
- Modeling of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Content of Fermented Lotus Root: Artificial Neural Networks and a Genetic Algorithm Approach
- Physicochemical Properties of Chilled Abalone as Influenced by Washing Pretreatment in Citric Acid Combined with High Pressure Processing
- Synergetic Effects of Pulsed Electric Field and Ozone Treatments on the Degradation of High Molecular Weight Chitosan
- Physical, Thermal and Water-Sorption Properties of Passion Fruit Seeds
- Hydrolysis of Hazelnut Shells as a Carbon Source for Bioprocessing Applications and Fermentation
- Variations in Main Flavor Compounds of Freshly Distilled Brandy during the Second Distillation
- Characterization and Semiquantitative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Six Varieties of Sugarcane Juice
- Influence of Citric Acid Pretreatment on Drying of Peach Slices
- Degradation Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Arils during the Drying Process
- Short Communications
- Effect of Sucrose Addition on Rheological and Thermal Properties of Rice Starch–Gum Mixtures
- Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on Freeze-Drying of Potato Tissue