Abstract
In the presence of nonlinear response created by power electronics-based compensators, reliable fault detection and classification by distance protection relays is a major concern. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) has a dynamic characteristics that causes stability and protection issues. A intrinsic time decomposition (ITD) based strategy is proposed for addressing this issue. A differential energy based detection index computed using ITD and adaptive thresholding technique is employed such that unerring fault detection is achieved wherein faulty phases of a UPFC compensated transmission line are well pointed out. Various fault and non-fault cases considering critical power system conditions are analysed for power systems with varying configurations modelled using EMTDC/PSCAD. A comparison of the current detection method to recently proposed techniques reveals the benefits and feasibility of the presented detection strategy, which has been proved to be accurate and efficient.
Highlights
– Unit protection of UPFC-compensated lines irrespective of compensation mode and level.
– Intrinsic Time Decomposition based detection index using current signal to detect faults.
– Accurate identification and discrimination of fault and non-fault events.
– Adaptive threshold technique immune to power system structure.
The executional burden time is near about 5 ms.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Electrical Engineering, O P Jindal University Raigarh, Chhattishgarh, India for providing laboratory facilities.
-
Author contributions: Ajay Panday: Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Validation, Formal analysis. Ram Dayal Patidar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Data curation. Sandeep Biswal: Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Data curation.
-
Research funding: No funding is involved in this research work.
-
Conflict of interest statement: Authors have no competing interests.
References
1. Anderson, PM. Power system protection. New York: Wiley; 1998.10.1109/9780470545591Search in Google Scholar
2. Almeida, MLS, Silva, KM. Transmission lines differential protection based on an alternative incremental complex power alpha plane. IET Gener, Transm Distrib 2017;11:10–7. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0229.Search in Google Scholar
3. Dantas, DT, Pellini, EL, Manassero, G. Time-domain differential protection method applied to transmission line. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2018;33:2634–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2018.2841342.Search in Google Scholar
4. Michel, G, Pleinka, G, Adamiak, M, Behrendt, K, Dawson, D, Fodero, K, et al.. Digital communications for relay protection. [Online]; 2011. Available from: http://www.pes-psrc.org/.Search in Google Scholar
5. Liu, S, Zhang, LL, Fu, C, Jiang, L. A new two-port network model-based pilot protection for AC transmission lines. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2020;35:473–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2904310.Search in Google Scholar
6. Dambhare, S, Soman, SA, Chandorkar, MC. Adaptive current differential protection schemes for transmission-line protection. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2009;24:1832–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2028801.Search in Google Scholar
7. Tong, X, Wen, H. A novel transmission line fault detection algorithm based on pilot impedance. Elec Power Syst Res 2020;179:106062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106062.Search in Google Scholar
8. Kumar, BR, Mohapatra, A, Chakrabarti, S, Kumar, A. Phase angle-based fault detection and classification for protection of transmission lines. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2021;133:107258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107258.Search in Google Scholar
9. Vyas, BY, Maheshwari, RP, Das, B. Versatile relaying algorithm for detection and classification of fault on transmission line. Elec Power Syst Res 2021;192:106913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106913.Search in Google Scholar
10. Jarrahi, MA, Samet, H, Ghanbari, T. Fast current-only based fault detection method in transmission line. IEEE Syst J 2019;13:1725–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2018.2822549.Search in Google Scholar
11. Hingorani, NG, Gyugyi, L. Understanding FACTS: concepts & technology of flexible AC transmission systems. New York: IEEE Press; 2000.10.1109/9780470546802Search in Google Scholar
12. Sharma, JP, Gupta, OH, Malik, OP, Sharma, S, Tripathy, M. Voltage-assisted sequence current-based pilot relaying for lines with/without TCSC. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3091401.Search in Google Scholar
13. Abasi, M, Saffarian, A, Joorabian, M, Seifossadat, SG. Fault classification and fault area detection in GUPFC-compensated double-circuit transmission lines based on the analysis of active and reactive powers measured by PMUs. Measurement 2021;169:108499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108499.Search in Google Scholar
14. Bainy, RG, Silva, KM, Johnson, BK. Current mapping strategy for improving two-terminal series-compensated line current differential protection. Elec Power Syst Res 2021;196:107243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107243.Search in Google Scholar
15. Mishra, SK. A neuro-wavelet approach for the performance improvement in SVC integrated wind-fed transmission line. Ain Shams Eng J 2019;10:599–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2018.10.008.Search in Google Scholar
16. Mishra, PK, Yadav, A, Pazoki, M. Resilience-oriented protection scheme for TCSC-compensated line. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2020;121:106103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106103.Search in Google Scholar
17. Alizadeh, BAM, Tayeb, ME, Razzaghi, R, Ivatloo, BM. An adaptive cumulative sum based method for unblocking distance relays in TCSC compensated transmission lines. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2021;131:107095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107095.Search in Google Scholar
18. Elmitwally, A, Ghanem, A. Local current-based method for fault identification and location on series capacitor-compensated transmission line with different configurations. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2021;133:107283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107283.Search in Google Scholar
19. Akter, S, Biswal, S, Rathore, NS, Das, P, Abdelaziz, AY. Amplitude based directional relaying scheme for UPFC compensated line during single pole tripping. Elec Power Syst Res 2020;184:106290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106290.Search in Google Scholar
20. Zhou, X, Wang, H, Aggarwal, RK, Beaumont, P, Dun, RW. Performance evaluation of a distance relay as applied to a transmission system with UPFC. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2006;21:1137–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2005.861329.Search in Google Scholar
21. Dash, PK, Pradhan, AK, Panda, G, Liew, AC. Adaptive relay setting for flexible ac transmission systems (facts). IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2000;15:38–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.847226.Search in Google Scholar
22. Moravej, Z, Pazoki, M, Khederzadeh, M. New pattern-recognition method for fault analysis in transmission line with UPFC. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2015;30:1231–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2365674.Search in Google Scholar
23. Biswas, S, Nayak, PK. A fault detection and classification scheme for unified power flow controller compensated transmission lines connecting wind farms. IEEE Syst J 2021;15:297–306. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2964421.Search in Google Scholar
24. Tripathy, LN, Dash, PK, Samantaray, SR. A new cross-differential protection scheme for parallel transmission lines including UPFC. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2014;29:1822–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2288780.Search in Google Scholar
25. Tripathy, LN, Jena, MK, Samantaray, SR. Differential relaying scheme for tapped transmission line connecting UPFC and wind farm. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2014;60:245–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.02.024.Search in Google Scholar
26. Rathore, B, Mahela, OP, Khan, B, Padmanaban, S. Protection scheme using wavelet-alienation-neural technique for UPFC compensated transmission line. IEEE Access 2021;9:13737–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052315.Search in Google Scholar
27. Jena, MK, Samantaray, SR, Tripathy, LN. Decision tree induced fuzzy rule-based differential relaying for transmission linen including unified power flow controller and wind-farms. IET Gener, Transm Distrib 2014;8:2144–52. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0023.Search in Google Scholar
28. Biswal, S, Biswal, M, Malik, OP. Hilbert Huang Transform based online differential relay algorithm for a shunt-compensated transmission line. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2018;33:2803–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2018.2827843.Search in Google Scholar
29. IEEE Std C37.118.1. IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems. 2011:1–61 pp.Search in Google Scholar
30. PSCAD/EMTDC user manual. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba HVDC; 2016.Search in Google Scholar
31. Frei, MG, Osorio, I. Intrinsic time-scale decomposition: time–frequency energy analysis and real-time filtering of non-stationary signals. Proc R Soc A Math Physical Eng Sci 2007;463:321–42. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1761.Search in Google Scholar
32. Mohammad, P. A new DC-offset removal method for distance relaying application using intrinsic time-scale decomposition. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2018;33:971–80.10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2728188Search in Google Scholar
33. Nale, R, Venkatanagaraju, K, Biswal, S, Biswal, M, Kishor, N. Islanding detection in distributed generation system using intrinsic time decomposition. IET Gener, Transm Distrib 2019;13:626–33. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5645.Search in Google Scholar
34. Biswal, S, Biswal, M. Detection of current transformer saturation phenomenon for secured operation of smart power network. Elec Power Syst Res 2019;175:362–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.105926.Search in Google Scholar
35. Ahmadinia, M, Sadeh, J. A modified wide-area backup protection scheme for shunt-compensated transmission lines. Elec Power Syst Res 2020;183:106274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106274.Search in Google Scholar
36. Line differential protection manual. SIPROTEC 47S-D61.Search in Google Scholar
37. Goharrizi, YA, Muthumuni, D, Pipelzadeh, Y. Modeling of type-3 wind farm and investigation of fault contribution in power system. 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM); 2016:1–5 pp.10.1109/PESGM.2016.7742042Search in Google Scholar
38. Biswal, S, Biswal, M. Fault-swing discrimination using Hilbert–Huang transform integrated discrete teager energy operator. IET Sci Meas Technol 2018;12:829–37. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2018.0053.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Torque ripple minimization of multi-level inverter fed PMSM drive using modified MPTC
- Blockchain insisted resilience enhancement of power electricity markets using distributed energy trading
- A novel Confidential Consortium Blockchain framework for peer to peer energy trading
- Experimental verification of DSTATCOM for various non-linear load
- Grid integration of hybrid renewable energy source using Aligned Multilevel Inverter
- Frequency regulation of wind energy integrated power system using a novel optimized type II fuzzy tilted integral derivative controller
- Power quality improvement using model predictive control based shunt connected custom power device in a single phase system
- A reliable islanding identification mechanism for DC microgrid using PCC transient signal
- Intrinsic time decomposition based differential protection with adaptive threshold for UPFC compensated transmission line
- Advanced energy management and frequency control of distributed microgrid using multi-agent systems
- Accurate estimation of modern power system harmonics using a novel LSA hybridized recursive least square technique
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Torque ripple minimization of multi-level inverter fed PMSM drive using modified MPTC
- Blockchain insisted resilience enhancement of power electricity markets using distributed energy trading
- A novel Confidential Consortium Blockchain framework for peer to peer energy trading
- Experimental verification of DSTATCOM for various non-linear load
- Grid integration of hybrid renewable energy source using Aligned Multilevel Inverter
- Frequency regulation of wind energy integrated power system using a novel optimized type II fuzzy tilted integral derivative controller
- Power quality improvement using model predictive control based shunt connected custom power device in a single phase system
- A reliable islanding identification mechanism for DC microgrid using PCC transient signal
- Intrinsic time decomposition based differential protection with adaptive threshold for UPFC compensated transmission line
- Advanced energy management and frequency control of distributed microgrid using multi-agent systems
- Accurate estimation of modern power system harmonics using a novel LSA hybridized recursive least square technique