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Decolorization of azo dye containing wastewater using combined photocatalytic ozonation and Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles with RSM based optimization

  • Chhaya V. Rekhate , Deepak Sharma , Perumal Asaithambi , Dharm pal ORCID logo and Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 28, 2025
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 23 Issue 7

Abstract

This work is oriented on the photocatalytic ozonation of azo dye solution for its decolorization using UV light (UV/FeT/O3) and solar light (solar/FeT/O3). In this study Fe doped TiO2 nanocatalyst (FeT) was prepared successfully in laboratory scale by molten salt method, was used as a catalyst during the treatment. For the optimization of process parameters, response surface methodology (RSM) is used in term of central composite design (CCD). Different operating parameter such as concentration of ozone, initial pH of solution, initial dye concentration of solution, dosing of FeT catalyst, and color reduction as a response of the process were inspected with a model development using CCD. ANOVA was also applied to statistically observation for the developed regression model. The developed CCD model was found statistically significant. This is confirmed by determination coefficient value (R2 = 0.9778). The optimum color reduction 95.12 % for UV/FeT/O3 was obtained at ozone concentration of 70 mgL−1; initial pH of 08; initial dye concentration of 200 mgL−1; catalyst dose of 1 gL−1 for 20 min of treatment process. A synergy index value of the UV photocatalytic ozonation process is 1.12, which indicates the rate between ozonation and photocatalysis. Kinetics is analyzed at two different concentrations of dye: 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L for both UV/FeT/O3 and Solar/FeT/O3 based treatment. First order reactions are observed for all experiments. Photocatalytic ozonation is cost-efficient than individual ozonation or individual photocatalysis.

Keywords: Fe doped TiO2 ; photocatalysis; textile wastewater; photocatalytic ozonation
Corresponding author: Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati, Department of Chemical Engineering, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering & Science, Indore, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge department of chemical engineering IPSA, IES Indore, for providing necessary facilities to complete this work.

  1. Research ethics: NA.

  2. Informed consent: NA.

  3. Author contributions: Chhaya Rekhate: Investigation, Drafting of manuscript, Deepak Sharma: Language correction and editing, Perumal Asaithambi: Formal analysis and Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati: Guidance and administration, Prepared manuscript in presentable form.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-04-04
Accepted: 2025-07-12
Published Online: 2025-07-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  11. Decolorization of azo dye containing wastewater using combined photocatalytic ozonation and Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles with RSM based optimization
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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2025-0068
Keywords for this article
Fe doped TiO2; photocatalysis; textile wastewater; photocatalytic ozonation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Removal of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin from wastewater using photocatalysis and biological treatment methods: a mini review
  4. Articles
  5. Performance research of metal-doped zeolite catalysts on the production of nitrogen-containing compounds via microwave pyrolysis
  6. Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling of gasification for syngas production from carbonaceous feed containing the sulfur impurity
  7. Suspended sediment concentration profiles using conservation law: a mixing length approach
  8. Effective photocatalytic performance of PANI, PPy, and PTh in the removal of Ciprofloxacin and Pefloxacin: a comparative study
  9. Efficacy of surface treated agro waste for nitrate and phosphate removal in wastewater
  10. Efficacy of chitosan based activated carbon for mercury removal from wastewater through adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic studies for environmental sustainability
  11. Decolorization of azo dye containing wastewater using combined photocatalytic ozonation and Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles with RSM based optimization
  12. Simulation of a novel supergravity submerged reactor for separating hot-dip galvanizing dross
  13. Book Review
  14. Vivek Dave and Arindam Kuila: Nanomaterials as a Catalystfor Biofuel Production
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