Hydrodynamics and Reaction Performances of Multiphase Reactors for Marine Applications – A Review
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und
Abstract
Hydrodynamics and (catalytic & non-catalytic) reaction [high-pressure hydrodesulfurization; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; CO2-monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption; simultaneous CO2 and H2S absorption in MEA; CO2 thermal desorption, enzymatic CO2 hydration] performances of trickle-bed and packed-bed column reactors subjected to static inclination, rolling (symmetrical/asymmetrical externally-generated reactor oscillations) and heaving motions were analyzed via detailed dynamic 3-D models which couple the macroscopic volume-averaged momentum, mass, energy and species balance equations in the liquid/gas phases with diffusion/chemical reaction inside the catalyst particles, enzyme washcoat or liquid film near the gas-liquid interface. Axial symmetry breakdown once the packed bed systems become inclined inflicts noticeable reductions of the reactor (or scrubber) performances. Only the performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of water-gas shift reaction increases slightly with the increase of trickle-bed reactor inclination because of facile uptake of reactants in the key reactions from the gas phase while a fraction of valuable CO can be forwarded in water gas-shift reaction. For most of the reactions examined, the reactor performance is negatively impacted in asymmetric oscillating multiphase reactors with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as an exception owing to the presence of water-gas shift reaction the performance of which is slightly improved. This performance deterioration/enhancement is maximal for the reactor moving between vertical and an inclined position when the time-dependent performance waves develop around the steady-state solution of the mid-inclination angle. The oscillatory reactor performance moves towards the steady-state solution of the vertical state when the asymmetry between the two inclined positions dwindles. Symmetric oscillating and heaving trickle-bed and packed-bed column reactors generate an oscillatory performance around the steady-state solution of vertical state which is affected by the amplitude and period of the angular and heaving motions of the vessel.
Notation
- a
gas-liquid interfacial area, m2/m3
- as
packed-bed surface area, m2/m3
- cpκ
specific heat capacity of κ-phase (
- Cj
concentration of species j, kmol/m3
- dp
particle diameter, m
- Dj
molecular diffusivity coefficient of species j, m2/s
effective diffusivity of species j inside catalyst particle, m2/s
Knudsen diffusion coefficient of species j, m2/s
liquid and gas dispersion coefficients, m2/s
- fe
fraction of the external catalyst particle surface covered by liquid
interaction force exerted on κ-phase, N/m3
- g
gravitational acceleration, m/s2
- H
reactor height, m
molar enthalpy of species j in α-phase, kJ/kmol
- kg
gas-solid mass transfer coefficient, m/s
volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient, s−1
- ks
liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient, m/s
rate constant for the hydrogenation times the equilibrium constant for the hydrogen adsorption, s−1
- KDBT
adsorption constant of DBT for hydrogenolysis, m3/kmol
adsorption constant of DBT for hydrogenation, m3/kmol
adsorption constant of H2 for hydrogenolysis, m3/kmol
adsorption constant of H2S for hydrogenolysis, m3/kmol
distribution coefficient,
- Mj
molecular mass, kg/kmol
- Nj
interfacial molar flux of component j, kmol/m2s,
- P
reactor pressure, Pa
- Pj
partial pressure of species j, Pa
- r
reactor radial coordinate, radial position within catalyst, m
- rhn
reaction rate of hydrogenation reaction, kmol/kgcats
- rhs
reaction rate of hydrogenolysis reaction, kmol/kgcats
- rp
radius of the catalyst particle, m
- R
reactor radius, m
- R
ideal-gas constant
- Rj
reaction rate of the component j, kmol/m3s
enzymatic CO2 hydration reaction rate,
enzymatic CO2 hydration reaction rate in liquid film,
enzymatic CO2 hydration reaction rate in washcoat,
uncatalyzed CO2 hydration reaction rate,
uncatalyzed CO2 hydration reaction rate in liquid film,
uncatalyzed CO2 hydration reaction rate in washcoat,
- t
time, s
- T
temperature, K
- Ta
period of angular motion
- uκ
interstitial velocity of κ-fluid, m/s
- z
axial coordinate, m
- Greek Letters
- α
angle of packed-bed column inclination with respect to the horizontal plane
heat transfer coefficient at the gas-liquid interface, J/m2sK
- αmax
amplitude of the angular motion
- ε
packed bed porosity
- εκ
κ-phase holdup
- εb
porosity in the bulk region of the packed bed
- εp
catalyst particle porosity
- εw
washcoat porosity
liquid film thickness, m
washcoat thickness, m
reaction enthalpy, kJ/Kmol
effectiveness factor of reaction i
radial (circumferential) effective thermal conductivity, J/msK
- μκ
κ-phase dynamic viscosity, kg/ms
κ-phase effective viscosity (combination of bulk and shear terms), kg/m s
- νj
stoichiometric coefficient of species j
- ρκ
κ-phase density, kg/m3
packed bed density, kg/m3
- τ
tortuosity
- σℓ
surface tension, N/m
- θ
circumferential coordinate, m
- Subscripts/Superscripts
- c
catalyzed
- g
gas phase
- hn
hydrogenation
- hs
hydrogenolysis reaction
- i
gas-liquid interface
- in
reactor inlet
- ℓ
liquid phase
liquid film
- p
catalyst particle
- r
radial direction
- s
solid phase, surface of catalyst particle
- trans
transfer
- z
axial direction
- uc
uncatalyzed
- w
washcoat
- Abbreviations
- BiPh
biphenil
- CHB
cyclohexylbenzene
- DBT
dibenzothiophene
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- A Diffusion Cell for the Mass Transfer Investigation in the Solid Porous Media
- Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, DR and Harkins-Jura Isotherm Studies on the Adsorption of CO2 on Various Porous Adsorbents
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Editorial
- To the Distinguished Contribution of Professor Gulsen Dogu and Professor Timur Dogu to Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Articles
- Fifty Years of Moment Technique for Dynamic Analysis of Chemical Reactor Parameters
- Trimetallic RuxMoNi Catalysts Supported on SBA-15 for the Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
- Highly Effective Activated Carbons from Turkish–Kozlu Bituminous Coal by Physical and KOH Activation and Sorption Studies with Organic Vapors
- The Catalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Alumina Supported Ti-Ce Catalysts for H2S Selective Oxidation to Elemental Sulfur
- Selectivity Analysis for Networks Comprising Consecutive Reactions of Second and First Order
- An Improved Analytical Solution of Population Balance Equation Involving Aggregation and Breakage via Fibonacci and Lucas Approximation Method
- Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Containing Silica Aerogel Catalysts for Degradation of PLA
- Hydrodynamics and Reaction Performances of Multiphase Reactors for Marine Applications – A Review
- A Diffusion Cell for the Mass Transfer Investigation in the Solid Porous Media
- Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, DR and Harkins-Jura Isotherm Studies on the Adsorption of CO2 on Various Porous Adsorbents
